Relationships among Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Parasitological Parameters, Ecotoxicity, and Biochemical Methane Potential of Pig Slurry
Background: Pig slurry can negatively impact on the environmental, animal, and human health. Knowing the relationship between the organic and inorganic loads, pathogens, and toxicity allows identifying the main parameters to be removed or treated before final disposal. The aim of this study was to e...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2023-02, Vol.15 (4), p.3172 |
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| creator | Beily, María Eugenia Young, Brian Jonathan Bres, Patricia Alina Riera, Nicolás Iván Wang, Wenguo Crespo, Diana Elvira Komilis, Dimitrios |
| description | Background: Pig slurry can negatively impact on the environmental, animal, and human health. Knowing the relationship between the organic and inorganic loads, pathogens, and toxicity allows identifying the main parameters to be removed or treated before final disposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the physicochemical properties, microbiological, and parasitological content, ecotoxicological effects, and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of pig slurries. Methods: Ten pig slurry samples at two production stages were characterized and a BMP test at two substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratios was conducted to compare the methane yields. Results: We found high content of Cu, Zn, quaternary ammonium, pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli and Salmonella), and parasites (Trichuris and Trichostrongylus). Toxicity on lettuce, radish, and Daphnia was observed with a slurry concentration greater than 1.35%. Positive correlations were found between toxicity on Daphnia and chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, Zn, and Cu, as well as between phytotoxicity and COD, NH4, Na, K, and conductivity. The lowest S/I ratio showed 13% more methane yield. It was associated with high removals of COD and volatile fatty acids. Conclusions: We recommend using a low S/I ratio to treat pig slurry as it improves the efficiency of the anaerobic process. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su15043172 |
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Knowing the relationship between the organic and inorganic loads, pathogens, and toxicity allows identifying the main parameters to be removed or treated before final disposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the physicochemical properties, microbiological, and parasitological content, ecotoxicological effects, and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of pig slurries. Methods: Ten pig slurry samples at two production stages were characterized and a BMP test at two substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratios was conducted to compare the methane yields. Results: We found high content of Cu, Zn, quaternary ammonium, pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli and Salmonella), and parasites (Trichuris and Trichostrongylus). Toxicity on lettuce, radish, and Daphnia was observed with a slurry concentration greater than 1.35%. Positive correlations were found between toxicity on Daphnia and chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, Zn, and Cu, as well as between phytotoxicity and COD, NH4, Na, K, and conductivity. The lowest S/I ratio showed 13% more methane yield. It was associated with high removals of COD and volatile fatty acids. Conclusions: We recommend using a low S/I ratio to treat pig slurry as it improves the efficiency of the anaerobic process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su15043172</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Ammonium ; Anaerobic processes ; Animal wastes ; Chemical oxygen demand ; Chemical properties ; Daphnia ; Ecological effects ; Ecotoxicology ; Environmental aspects ; Farms ; Fatty acids ; Fertilizers ; Health aspects ; Hogs ; Inoculum ; Manures ; Methane ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Nitrates ; Parasites ; Physicochemical properties ; Phytotoxicity ; Pig manure ; Pork industry ; Seeds ; Slurries ; Slurry ; Toxicity ; Volatile fatty acids ; Water pollution ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2023-02, Vol.15 (4), p.3172</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Knowing the relationship between the organic and inorganic loads, pathogens, and toxicity allows identifying the main parameters to be removed or treated before final disposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the physicochemical properties, microbiological, and parasitological content, ecotoxicological effects, and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of pig slurries. Methods: Ten pig slurry samples at two production stages were characterized and a BMP test at two substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratios was conducted to compare the methane yields. Results: We found high content of Cu, Zn, quaternary ammonium, pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli and Salmonella), and parasites (Trichuris and Trichostrongylus). Toxicity on lettuce, radish, and Daphnia was observed with a slurry concentration greater than 1.35%. Positive correlations were found between toxicity on Daphnia and chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, Zn, and Cu, as well as between phytotoxicity and COD, NH4, Na, K, and conductivity. The lowest S/I ratio showed 13% more methane yield. It was associated with high removals of COD and volatile fatty acids. Conclusions: We recommend using a low S/I ratio to treat pig slurry as it improves the efficiency of the anaerobic process.</description><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Anaerobic processes</subject><subject>Animal wastes</subject><subject>Chemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Daphnia</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Inoculum</subject><subject>Manures</subject><subject>Methane</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Phytotoxicity</subject><subject>Pig manure</subject><subject>Pork industry</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Slurries</subject><subject>Slurry</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Volatile fatty acids</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptkctKAzEUhgdRULQbnyDgSrGaTG6TpUq9gMXiZR0yaTKNzExqkoH2NXxip9ZbwWSRk5_vP4fDn2WHCJ5hLOB57BCFBCOeb2V7OeRoiCCF23_q3WwQ4yvsD8ZIILaXvT-aWiXn2zhz8whU49sKTGbL6LTXM9M4repTMHY6-NL52ldrQbVTMFFBRZe-xc9_Y5IJ8RSMtE9-4bRLyzV86X7agbFJM9UaMPHJtMn1irdg4irwVHchLA-yHavqaAZf7372cj16vrod3j_c3F1d3A81FiwNjYKaYmSJYJwpXlpTsAIVdFpwIgS2TOWWFFDg0vKSMEpRXkKOhaIlsYQWeD87WvedB__WmZjkq-9C24-UOeeCMUT_UpWqjXSt9Sko3bio5QUnmAjMad5TZ_9Q_Z2udvatsa7XNwzHG4aeSWaRKtXFKO-eHjfZkzXbhxBjMFbOg2tUWEoE5Sp5-Zs8_gAUrp9o</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Beily, María Eugenia</creator><creator>Young, Brian Jonathan</creator><creator>Bres, Patricia Alina</creator><creator>Riera, Nicolás Iván</creator><creator>Wang, Wenguo</creator><creator>Crespo, Diana Elvira</creator><creator>Komilis, Dimitrios</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-300X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-9080</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>Relationships among Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Parasitological Parameters, Ecotoxicity, and Biochemical Methane Potential of Pig Slurry</title><author>Beily, María Eugenia ; Young, Brian Jonathan ; Bres, Patricia Alina ; Riera, Nicolás Iván ; Wang, Wenguo ; Crespo, Diana Elvira ; Komilis, Dimitrios</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-ea0c531f49676a7bfe868185d874993f6a2f48093bf7b465512b0739a5b4f4583</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Ammonium</topic><topic>Anaerobic processes</topic><topic>Animal wastes</topic><topic>Chemical oxygen demand</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>Daphnia</topic><topic>Ecological effects</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Farms</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hogs</topic><topic>Inoculum</topic><topic>Manures</topic><topic>Methane</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Phytotoxicity</topic><topic>Pig manure</topic><topic>Pork industry</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Slurries</topic><topic>Slurry</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Volatile fatty acids</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Beily, María Eugenia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Brian Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bres, Patricia Alina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riera, Nicolás Iván</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wenguo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crespo, Diana Elvira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komilis, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Beily, María Eugenia</au><au>Young, Brian Jonathan</au><au>Bres, Patricia Alina</au><au>Riera, Nicolás Iván</au><au>Wang, Wenguo</au><au>Crespo, Diana Elvira</au><au>Komilis, Dimitrios</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Relationships among Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Parasitological Parameters, Ecotoxicity, and Biochemical Methane Potential of Pig Slurry</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>3172</spage><pages>3172-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>Background: Pig slurry can negatively impact on the environmental, animal, and human health. Knowing the relationship between the organic and inorganic loads, pathogens, and toxicity allows identifying the main parameters to be removed or treated before final disposal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the physicochemical properties, microbiological, and parasitological content, ecotoxicological effects, and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of pig slurries. Methods: Ten pig slurry samples at two production stages were characterized and a BMP test at two substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratios was conducted to compare the methane yields. Results: We found high content of Cu, Zn, quaternary ammonium, pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli and Salmonella), and parasites (Trichuris and Trichostrongylus). Toxicity on lettuce, radish, and Daphnia was observed with a slurry concentration greater than 1.35%. Positive correlations were found between toxicity on Daphnia and chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, Zn, and Cu, as well as between phytotoxicity and COD, NH4, Na, K, and conductivity. The lowest S/I ratio showed 13% more methane yield. It was associated with high removals of COD and volatile fatty acids. Conclusions: We recommend using a low S/I ratio to treat pig slurry as it improves the efficiency of the anaerobic process.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su15043172</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-300X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-9080</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Ammonium Anaerobic processes Animal wastes Chemical oxygen demand Chemical properties Daphnia Ecological effects Ecotoxicology Environmental aspects Farms Fatty acids Fertilizers Health aspects Hogs Inoculum Manures Methane Microbiology Microorganisms Nitrates Parasites Physicochemical properties Phytotoxicity Pig manure Pork industry Seeds Slurries Slurry Toxicity Volatile fatty acids Water pollution Zinc |
| title | Relationships among Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Parasitological Parameters, Ecotoxicity, and Biochemical Methane Potential of Pig Slurry |
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