Reusing Fine Silty Sand Excavated from Slurry Shield Tunnels as a Sustainable Raw Material for Synchronous Grouting
Using the Nanjing Dinghuaimen Yangtze River Tunnel project as a case study, we proposed a method to reuse the excavated silty-fine sand by adjusting the proportion of the waste sand to replace the commercial sand. This would address the issue of recycling the significant amount of waste sand generat...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Coatings (Basel) 2023-02, Vol.13 (2), p.398 |
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description | Using the Nanjing Dinghuaimen Yangtze River Tunnel project as a case study, we proposed a method to reuse the excavated silty-fine sand by adjusting the proportion of the waste sand to replace the commercial sand. This would address the issue of recycling the significant amount of waste sand generated when the slurry shield passes through the silty-fine sand stratum. Moreover, we have evaluated grout indicators such as density, fluidity, consistency, bleeding rate, volumetric shrinkage, setting time, and unconfined compressive strength and examined how the particle size and distribution of the sand affected the grout’s performance. The findings show that as the replacement ratio increases, the grout’s density, fluidity, consistency, and bleeding rate gradually increase; meanwhile, the volumetric shrinkage increases initially before decreasing; the setting time decreases gradually; the unconfined compressive strength initially decreases before increasing. The key factor altering the grout’s performance when the replacement ratio is less than 50% is the weakening of the adsorption effect of fine sand particles on water due to the increase in the sand’s fineness modulus. When it is greater than 50%, the particle size of the sand tends to be distributed nonuniformly and fine particles fill the voids between larger particles, thus contributing to the changes in grout properties. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/coatings13020398 |
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This would address the issue of recycling the significant amount of waste sand generated when the slurry shield passes through the silty-fine sand stratum. Moreover, we have evaluated grout indicators such as density, fluidity, consistency, bleeding rate, volumetric shrinkage, setting time, and unconfined compressive strength and examined how the particle size and distribution of the sand affected the grout’s performance. The findings show that as the replacement ratio increases, the grout’s density, fluidity, consistency, and bleeding rate gradually increase; meanwhile, the volumetric shrinkage increases initially before decreasing; the setting time decreases gradually; the unconfined compressive strength initially decreases before increasing. The key factor altering the grout’s performance when the replacement ratio is less than 50% is the weakening of the adsorption effect of fine sand particles on water due to the increase in the sand’s fineness modulus. When it is greater than 50%, the particle size of the sand tends to be distributed nonuniformly and fine particles fill the voids between larger particles, thus contributing to the changes in grout properties.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2079-6412</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2079-6412</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/coatings13020398</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Bleeding ; Cement ; China ; Compressive strength ; Consistency ; Density ; Engineering ; Fineness ; Floods ; Grain size ; Grout ; Grouting ; Masonry ; Methods ; Particle size ; Particle size distribution ; Raw materials ; Recycling ; Recycling (Waste, etc.) ; Reuse ; Sand ; Shrinkage ; Silt ; Slurries ; Slurry ; Tunneling shields ; Viscosity</subject><ispartof>Coatings (Basel), 2023-02, Vol.13 (2), p.398</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-34123f87b79794280e1e14b7a69026f718a440bfdba1e0a9b15c0be8d6fdfe4e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-34123f87b79794280e1e14b7a69026f718a440bfdba1e0a9b15c0be8d6fdfe4e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Haoqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Pengming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Aizhao</creatorcontrib><title>Reusing Fine Silty Sand Excavated from Slurry Shield Tunnels as a Sustainable Raw Material for Synchronous Grouting</title><title>Coatings (Basel)</title><description>Using the Nanjing Dinghuaimen Yangtze River Tunnel project as a case study, we proposed a method to reuse the excavated silty-fine sand by adjusting the proportion of the waste sand to replace the commercial sand. This would address the issue of recycling the significant amount of waste sand generated when the slurry shield passes through the silty-fine sand stratum. Moreover, we have evaluated grout indicators such as density, fluidity, consistency, bleeding rate, volumetric shrinkage, setting time, and unconfined compressive strength and examined how the particle size and distribution of the sand affected the grout’s performance. The findings show that as the replacement ratio increases, the grout’s density, fluidity, consistency, and bleeding rate gradually increase; meanwhile, the volumetric shrinkage increases initially before decreasing; the setting time decreases gradually; the unconfined compressive strength initially decreases before increasing. The key factor altering the grout’s performance when the replacement ratio is less than 50% is the weakening of the adsorption effect of fine sand particles on water due to the increase in the sand’s fineness modulus. When it is greater than 50%, the particle size of the sand tends to be distributed nonuniformly and fine particles fill the voids between larger particles, thus contributing to the changes in grout properties.</description><subject>Bleeding</subject><subject>Cement</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Compressive strength</subject><subject>Consistency</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Fineness</subject><subject>Floods</subject><subject>Grain size</subject><subject>Grout</subject><subject>Grouting</subject><subject>Masonry</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Particle size distribution</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Recycling (Waste, etc.)</subject><subject>Reuse</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>Shrinkage</subject><subject>Silt</subject><subject>Slurries</subject><subject>Slurry</subject><subject>Tunneling shields</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><issn>2079-6412</issn><issn>2079-6412</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUU1rwzAMDWODla73HQ07t_NHGsfHUtpu0DFounNQErl1Se3OTrb138-jO4xJAgnpPemBkuSe0YkQij7WDjpjd4EJyqlQ-VUy4FSqcZYyfv2nvk1GIRxoNMVEztQgCRvsQ6SSpbFICtN2Z1KAbcjiq4YP6LAh2rsjKdre-zjaG2wbsu2txTYQiEGKPnRgLFQtkg18kpfI8gZaop0nxdnWe--s6wNZedf_yLxLbjS0AUe_eZi8LRfb-dN4_bp6ns_W41pMeTcWUbDQuaykkirlOUWGLK0kZIryTEuWQ5rSSjcVMKSgKjataYV5k-lGY4pimDxc9p68e-8xdOXB9d7GkyWXUk1TKriKqMkFtYMWS2O16zzU0Rs8mtpZ1Cb2ZzIVlHFOs0igF0LtXQgedXny5gj-XDJa_ryj_P8O8Q2WBn_s</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Wang, Rui</creator><creator>Xu, Haoqing</creator><creator>Liu, Yi</creator><creator>Jiang, Pengming</creator><creator>Zhou, Aizhao</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>Reusing Fine Silty Sand Excavated from Slurry Shield Tunnels as a Sustainable Raw Material for Synchronous Grouting</title><author>Wang, Rui ; Xu, Haoqing ; Liu, Yi ; Jiang, Pengming ; Zhou, Aizhao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c352t-34123f87b79794280e1e14b7a69026f718a440bfdba1e0a9b15c0be8d6fdfe4e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Bleeding</topic><topic>Cement</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Compressive strength</topic><topic>Consistency</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Fineness</topic><topic>Floods</topic><topic>Grain size</topic><topic>Grout</topic><topic>Grouting</topic><topic>Masonry</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Particle size distribution</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Recycling</topic><topic>Recycling (Waste, etc.)</topic><topic>Reuse</topic><topic>Sand</topic><topic>Shrinkage</topic><topic>Silt</topic><topic>Slurries</topic><topic>Slurry</topic><topic>Tunneling shields</topic><topic>Viscosity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Haoqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Pengming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Aizhao</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Coatings (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Rui</au><au>Xu, Haoqing</au><au>Liu, Yi</au><au>Jiang, Pengming</au><au>Zhou, Aizhao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reusing Fine Silty Sand Excavated from Slurry Shield Tunnels as a Sustainable Raw Material for Synchronous Grouting</atitle><jtitle>Coatings (Basel)</jtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>398</spage><pages>398-</pages><issn>2079-6412</issn><eissn>2079-6412</eissn><abstract>Using the Nanjing Dinghuaimen Yangtze River Tunnel project as a case study, we proposed a method to reuse the excavated silty-fine sand by adjusting the proportion of the waste sand to replace the commercial sand. This would address the issue of recycling the significant amount of waste sand generated when the slurry shield passes through the silty-fine sand stratum. Moreover, we have evaluated grout indicators such as density, fluidity, consistency, bleeding rate, volumetric shrinkage, setting time, and unconfined compressive strength and examined how the particle size and distribution of the sand affected the grout’s performance. The findings show that as the replacement ratio increases, the grout’s density, fluidity, consistency, and bleeding rate gradually increase; meanwhile, the volumetric shrinkage increases initially before decreasing; the setting time decreases gradually; the unconfined compressive strength initially decreases before increasing. The key factor altering the grout’s performance when the replacement ratio is less than 50% is the weakening of the adsorption effect of fine sand particles on water due to the increase in the sand’s fineness modulus. When it is greater than 50%, the particle size of the sand tends to be distributed nonuniformly and fine particles fill the voids between larger particles, thus contributing to the changes in grout properties.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/coatings13020398</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Bleeding Cement China Compressive strength Consistency Density Engineering Fineness Floods Grain size Grout Grouting Masonry Methods Particle size Particle size distribution Raw materials Recycling Recycling (Waste, etc.) Reuse Sand Shrinkage Silt Slurries Slurry Tunneling shields Viscosity |
title | Reusing Fine Silty Sand Excavated from Slurry Shield Tunnels as a Sustainable Raw Material for Synchronous Grouting |
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