Biomass Mediated Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/GO for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Source
In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) as well as ZnO/GO (zinc oxide/graphene oxide) were successfully synthesized. The Carica papaya leaf extract was used to synthesize ZnO and oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass to obtain graphene, which was further used to obtain graphene oxide. The samples were characte...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Catalysts 2023-02, Vol.13 (2), p.409 |
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| creator | Al-Zahrani, Salma Ahmed Umar, Khalid Tweib, Saleh Ali Rashd, Jebrel Abdeljawad M Afridi, Saima Khan Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad Otaibi, Ahmed Al Masood, Najat Mansour, Dorsaf Khan, Anish Ayyar, Manikandan |
| description | In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) as well as ZnO/GO (zinc oxide/graphene oxide) were successfully synthesized. The Carica papaya leaf extract was used to synthesize ZnO and oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass to obtain graphene, which was further used to obtain graphene oxide. The samples were characterized through a variety of analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Visible spectroscopy in order to understand their morphology, size, structural phase purity, functional groups and optical properties. Various peaks such as O-H, Zn-OH and Zn-O were found in the case of ZnO. Some additional peaks, such as C-C and C=C, were also been detected while analyzing the sample by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of the XRD and SEM studies demonstrated that the synthesized material shows the crystalline nature of the substance in the case of ZnO, and the crystallinity decreases for ZnO/GO. The average crystallite size was found to 80.0 nm for ZnO and 74.0 nm for ZnO/GO. Further, a red shift was shown in the case of ZnO/GO, which was indicated by the UV–Vis absorption spectrum. In the TEM analysis, the particles were shown to be nanosized. For instance, the highest number of particles was found in the range of 100 to 120 nm in the case of ZnO, while 80–100 nm sized particles were found for ZnO/GO. Using synthesized ZnO and ZnO/GO, the decolorization of methylene blue was found to be 64% and 91%, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/catal13020409 |
| format | Article |
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The Carica papaya leaf extract was used to synthesize ZnO and oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass to obtain graphene, which was further used to obtain graphene oxide. The samples were characterized through a variety of analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Visible spectroscopy in order to understand their morphology, size, structural phase purity, functional groups and optical properties. Various peaks such as O-H, Zn-OH and Zn-O were found in the case of ZnO. Some additional peaks, such as C-C and C=C, were also been detected while analyzing the sample by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of the XRD and SEM studies demonstrated that the synthesized material shows the crystalline nature of the substance in the case of ZnO, and the crystallinity decreases for ZnO/GO. The average crystallite size was found to 80.0 nm for ZnO and 74.0 nm for ZnO/GO. Further, a red shift was shown in the case of ZnO/GO, which was indicated by the UV–Vis absorption spectrum. In the TEM analysis, the particles were shown to be nanosized. For instance, the highest number of particles was found in the range of 100 to 120 nm in the case of ZnO, while 80–100 nm sized particles were found for ZnO/GO. Using synthesized ZnO and ZnO/GO, the decolorization of methylene blue was found to be 64% and 91%, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4344</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/catal13020409</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Absorption spectra ; Biomass ; Catalysts ; Chemical reactions ; Crystallites ; Decoloring ; Diffraction ; Doppler effect ; Dyes ; Electron microscopy ; Energy ; Fourier transforms ; Functional groups ; Graphene ; Infrared analysis ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Light ; Light sources ; Medicine, Botanic ; Medicine, Herbal ; Methylene blue ; Morphology ; Optical properties ; Pesticides ; Photocatalysis ; Pollutants ; Red shift ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Synthesis ; Water pollution ; X-rays ; Zinc oxide ; Zinc oxides</subject><ispartof>Catalysts, 2023-02, Vol.13 (2), p.409</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-bb1c2bbdc0bf99914e59607b104b0de11edf452ed1cb962d7117b72d7d84109e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-bb1c2bbdc0bf99914e59607b104b0de11edf452ed1cb962d7117b72d7d84109e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3806-5956 ; 0000-0001-6513-7428</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Al-Zahrani, Salma Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umar, Khalid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tweib, Saleh Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rashd, Jebrel Abdeljawad M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afridi, Saima Khan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otaibi, Ahmed Al</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masood, Najat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansour, Dorsaf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Anish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ayyar, Manikandan</creatorcontrib><title>Biomass Mediated Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/GO for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Source</title><title>Catalysts</title><description>In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) as well as ZnO/GO (zinc oxide/graphene oxide) were successfully synthesized. The Carica papaya leaf extract was used to synthesize ZnO and oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass to obtain graphene, which was further used to obtain graphene oxide. The samples were characterized through a variety of analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Visible spectroscopy in order to understand their morphology, size, structural phase purity, functional groups and optical properties. Various peaks such as O-H, Zn-OH and Zn-O were found in the case of ZnO. Some additional peaks, such as C-C and C=C, were also been detected while analyzing the sample by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of the XRD and SEM studies demonstrated that the synthesized material shows the crystalline nature of the substance in the case of ZnO, and the crystallinity decreases for ZnO/GO. The average crystallite size was found to 80.0 nm for ZnO and 74.0 nm for ZnO/GO. Further, a red shift was shown in the case of ZnO/GO, which was indicated by the UV–Vis absorption spectrum. In the TEM analysis, the particles were shown to be nanosized. For instance, the highest number of particles was found in the range of 100 to 120 nm in the case of ZnO, while 80–100 nm sized particles were found for ZnO/GO. Using synthesized ZnO and ZnO/GO, the decolorization of methylene blue was found to be 64% and 91%, respectively.</description><subject>Absorption spectra</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Catalysts</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Crystallites</subject><subject>Decoloring</subject><subject>Diffraction</subject><subject>Doppler effect</subject><subject>Dyes</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Infrared analysis</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Light sources</subject><subject>Medicine, Botanic</subject><subject>Medicine, Herbal</subject><subject>Methylene blue</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Photocatalysis</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Red shift</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><subject>Zinc oxide</subject><subject>Zinc oxides</subject><issn>2073-4344</issn><issn>2073-4344</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptUT1PwzAQjRBIIOjIbok54Iuduh5pgYJU1KHAwBL540KNUrvY7lB-PamKBEjcDe9099694RXFOdBLxiS9MiqrDhitKKfyoDipqGAlZ5wf_pqPi0FK77QvCWwE9UmxHruwUimRR7ROZbRksfV5icklElry6udEebvDq-mctCGS_khu0IQuRPepsgt-R3zEvNx26JGMuw2SjbcYyYtLTndIZu5tmckibKLBs-KoVV3CwTeeFs93t0-T-3I2nz5MrmelYQJyqTWYSmtrqG6llMCxlkMqNFCuqUUAtC2vK7RgtBxWVgAILXq0Iw5UIjstLvZ_1zF8bDDl5r33971lUwkha1YxOfxhvakOG-fbkKMyK5dMcy04o8AqqHvW5T-svi2unAkeW9fv_wjKvcDEkFLEtllHt1Jx2wBtdnE1f-JiX2SghqI</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Al-Zahrani, Salma Ahmed</creator><creator>Umar, Khalid</creator><creator>Tweib, Saleh Ali</creator><creator>Rashd, Jebrel Abdeljawad M</creator><creator>Afridi, Saima Khan</creator><creator>Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad</creator><creator>Otaibi, Ahmed Al</creator><creator>Masood, Najat</creator><creator>Mansour, Dorsaf</creator><creator>Khan, Anish</creator><creator>Ayyar, Manikandan</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3806-5956</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-7428</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>Biomass Mediated Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/GO for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Source</title><author>Al-Zahrani, Salma Ahmed ; Umar, Khalid ; Tweib, Saleh Ali ; Rashd, Jebrel Abdeljawad M ; Afridi, Saima Khan ; Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad ; Otaibi, Ahmed Al ; Masood, Najat ; Mansour, Dorsaf ; Khan, Anish ; Ayyar, Manikandan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-bb1c2bbdc0bf99914e59607b104b0de11edf452ed1cb962d7117b72d7d84109e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Absorption spectra</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Crystallites</topic><topic>Decoloring</topic><topic>Diffraction</topic><topic>Doppler effect</topic><topic>Dyes</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Infrared analysis</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Light sources</topic><topic>Medicine, Botanic</topic><topic>Medicine, Herbal</topic><topic>Methylene blue</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Optical properties</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Photocatalysis</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Red shift</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><topic>Zinc oxide</topic><topic>Zinc oxides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Al-Zahrani, Salma Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umar, Khalid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tweib, Saleh Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rashd, Jebrel Abdeljawad M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afridi, Saima Khan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otaibi, Ahmed Al</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masood, Najat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansour, Dorsaf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Anish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ayyar, Manikandan</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Catalysts</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Al-Zahrani, Salma Ahmed</au><au>Umar, Khalid</au><au>Tweib, Saleh Ali</au><au>Rashd, Jebrel Abdeljawad M</au><au>Afridi, Saima Khan</au><au>Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad</au><au>Otaibi, Ahmed Al</au><au>Masood, Najat</au><au>Mansour, Dorsaf</au><au>Khan, Anish</au><au>Ayyar, Manikandan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biomass Mediated Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/GO for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Source</atitle><jtitle>Catalysts</jtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>409</spage><pages>409-</pages><issn>2073-4344</issn><eissn>2073-4344</eissn><abstract>In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) as well as ZnO/GO (zinc oxide/graphene oxide) were successfully synthesized. The Carica papaya leaf extract was used to synthesize ZnO and oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass to obtain graphene, which was further used to obtain graphene oxide. The samples were characterized through a variety of analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–Visible spectroscopy in order to understand their morphology, size, structural phase purity, functional groups and optical properties. Various peaks such as O-H, Zn-OH and Zn-O were found in the case of ZnO. Some additional peaks, such as C-C and C=C, were also been detected while analyzing the sample by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of the XRD and SEM studies demonstrated that the synthesized material shows the crystalline nature of the substance in the case of ZnO, and the crystallinity decreases for ZnO/GO. The average crystallite size was found to 80.0 nm for ZnO and 74.0 nm for ZnO/GO. Further, a red shift was shown in the case of ZnO/GO, which was indicated by the UV–Vis absorption spectrum. In the TEM analysis, the particles were shown to be nanosized. For instance, the highest number of particles was found in the range of 100 to 120 nm in the case of ZnO, while 80–100 nm sized particles were found for ZnO/GO. Using synthesized ZnO and ZnO/GO, the decolorization of methylene blue was found to be 64% and 91%, respectively.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/catal13020409</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3806-5956</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-7428</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption spectra Biomass Catalysts Chemical reactions Crystallites Decoloring Diffraction Doppler effect Dyes Electron microscopy Energy Fourier transforms Functional groups Graphene Infrared analysis Infrared spectroscopy Light Light sources Medicine, Botanic Medicine, Herbal Methylene blue Morphology Optical properties Pesticides Photocatalysis Pollutants Red shift Scanning electron microscopy Spectrum analysis Synthesis Water pollution X-rays Zinc oxide Zinc oxides |
| title | Biomass Mediated Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/GO for the Decolorization of Methylene Blue under Visible Light Source |
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