Infectious rain? Evaluation of human pathogen concentrations in stormwater in separate sewer systems

Separate sewer systems collect and discharge rainwater directly into surface water bodies. In residential areas covering moderate traffic load these are alternative drainage routes to avoid combined sewer overflow discharge and to keep rivers clean as required by the EU Water Framework Directive. Th...

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Veröffentlicht in:Water science and technology 2019-09, Vol.80 (6), p.1022-1030
Hauptverfasser: Schreiber, Christiane, Heinkel, Sophie-Bo, Zacharias, Nicole, Mertens, Franz-Michael, Christoffels, Ekkehard, Gayer, Uta, Koch, Christoph, Kistemann, Thomas
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container_end_page 1030
container_issue 6
container_start_page 1022
container_title Water science and technology
container_volume 80
creator Schreiber, Christiane
Heinkel, Sophie-Bo
Zacharias, Nicole
Mertens, Franz-Michael
Christoffels, Ekkehard
Gayer, Uta
Koch, Christoph
Kistemann, Thomas
description Separate sewer systems collect and discharge rainwater directly into surface water bodies. In residential areas covering moderate traffic load these are alternative drainage routes to avoid combined sewer overflow discharge and to keep rivers clean as required by the EU Water Framework Directive. This overflow's microbial quality, however, needs to be evaluated, since stormwater run-offs are potential pathways for pathogens into river systems. Between 2010 and 2016, two separate sewer systems in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) were investigated. The stormwater outflow was sampled during discharge events and microbiologically analysed. The results showed high concentrations of Escherichia coli (1,100-1,100,000 CFU/100 mL) and Clostridium perfringens (20-13,000 CFU/100 mL). Campylobacter and Salmonella were detected in 97% and 43% of the samples. Giardia cysts were more often detected (31.6%) than Cryptosporidium oocysts (10.5%). The sources of human pathogens in rainwater run-off are heterogeneous. While roads have already been declared as chemical polluters via rainwater run-off, our study detected supplementary pollution of mainly faecal microorganisms. Presumably, failed connections in the sewer system itself are important sources of human pathogens. We suggest treatment of stormwater run-offs before being discharged into the river system.
doi_str_mv 10.2166/wst.2019.340
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subjects Animals
Bacteria
Basins
Campylobacter
Chemical pollution
Chemicals
Combined sewer overflows
Cryptosporidium
Discharge
E coli
Environmental Monitoring
Germany
Giardia
Humans
Laboratories
Microorganisms
Oocysts
Outflow
Overflow
Pathogens
Pollution detection
Rain
Rain water
Residential areas
Retention
River systems
Rivers
Runoff
Salmonella
Separated sewers
Sewer systems
Stormwater
Surface water
Water bodies
Water management
Water Microbiology
Water outflow
Water pollution
title Infectious rain? Evaluation of human pathogen concentrations in stormwater in separate sewer systems
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