Wood fiber - sodium silicate mixtures for additive manufacturing of composite materials
A composite mixture of wood fiber and sodium silicate (SS) binder has been explored as a viable material for use in additive manufacture of wood based composite materials. Mixtures of 50–60% wood fiber and 50 − 40% SS were explored. The curing behavior of these formulations were examined by differen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of wood and wood products 2023-02, Vol.81 (1), p.45-58 |
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| container_title | European journal of wood and wood products |
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| creator | Orji, Berlinda O. Thie, Conal Baker, Kenneth Maughan, Michael R. McDonald, Armando G. |
| description | A composite mixture of wood fiber and sodium silicate (SS) binder has been explored as a viable material for use in additive manufacture of wood based composite materials. Mixtures of 50–60% wood fiber and 50 − 40% SS were explored. The curing behavior of these formulations were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheometry. An exothermic curing peak of 83 °C was observed for SS and increased to 153 and 163 °C with the addition of wood fiber. Rheology flow curves showed higher viscosity values for 50/50 blends and lower values for SS. A custom extrusion system was fabricated and 50/50 wet blends were extruded, cured at different temperatures, and characterized for flame retardancy, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. Surface chemistry changes before and after curing were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mechanical properties, determined by three-point bend testing, improved with the addition of the wood fiber but varied with different curing temperatures and thermal stability of the composites increased with curing temperature. This extruded wood-SS composite shows promise for use in additive manufacturing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00107-022-01861-z |
| format | Article |
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J. Wood Prod</addtitle><description>A composite mixture of wood fiber and sodium silicate (SS) binder has been explored as a viable material for use in additive manufacture of wood based composite materials. Mixtures of 50–60% wood fiber and 50 − 40% SS were explored. The curing behavior of these formulations were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheometry. An exothermic curing peak of 83 °C was observed for SS and increased to 153 and 163 °C with the addition of wood fiber. Rheology flow curves showed higher viscosity values for 50/50 blends and lower values for SS. A custom extrusion system was fabricated and 50/50 wet blends were extruded, cured at different temperatures, and characterized for flame retardancy, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. Surface chemistry changes before and after curing were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 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Thie, Conal ; Baker, Kenneth ; Maughan, Michael R. ; McDonald, Armando G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-b21e1f4e47556208234babeb1c75e811250b39065b271c7425e97634fddb8e5d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Additive manufacturing</topic><topic>Bend properties</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Calorimetry</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Composites</topic><topic>Curing</topic><topic>Differential scanning calorimetry</topic><topic>Extrusion</topic><topic>Formulations</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Glass</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Machines</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Mixtures</topic><topic>Natural Materials</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Processes</topic><topic>Rheological properties</topic><topic>Rheology</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Sodium silicates</topic><topic>Surface chemistry</topic><topic>Thermal stability</topic><topic>Water absorption</topic><topic>Wood fibers</topic><topic>Wood Science & Technology</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Orji, Berlinda O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thie, Conal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Kenneth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maughan, Michael R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Armando G.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><jtitle>European journal of wood and wood products</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Orji, Berlinda O.</au><au>Thie, Conal</au><au>Baker, Kenneth</au><au>Maughan, Michael R.</au><au>McDonald, Armando G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Wood fiber - sodium silicate mixtures for additive manufacturing of composite materials</atitle><jtitle>European journal of wood and wood products</jtitle><stitle>Eur. J. Wood Prod</stitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>81</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>45</spage><epage>58</epage><pages>45-58</pages><issn>0018-3768</issn><eissn>1436-736X</eissn><abstract>A composite mixture of wood fiber and sodium silicate (SS) binder has been explored as a viable material for use in additive manufacture of wood based composite materials. Mixtures of 50–60% wood fiber and 50 − 40% SS were explored. The curing behavior of these formulations were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheometry. An exothermic curing peak of 83 °C was observed for SS and increased to 153 and 163 °C with the addition of wood fiber. Rheology flow curves showed higher viscosity values for 50/50 blends and lower values for SS. A custom extrusion system was fabricated and 50/50 wet blends were extruded, cured at different temperatures, and characterized for flame retardancy, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. 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| subjects | Additive manufacturing Bend properties Biomedical and Life Sciences Calorimetry Ceramics Composite materials Composites Curing Differential scanning calorimetry Extrusion Formulations Fourier transforms Glass Life Sciences Machines Manufacturing Mechanical properties Mixtures Natural Materials Original Article Processes Rheological properties Rheology Sodium Sodium silicates Surface chemistry Thermal stability Water absorption Wood fibers Wood Science & Technology |
| title | Wood fiber - sodium silicate mixtures for additive manufacturing of composite materials |
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