Understanding Antecedents of Learning Management System Usage among University Lecturers Using an Integrated TAM-TOE Model

Even after the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of the learning management system (LMS) is still low among university lecturers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The objective of the current study is to understand the factors influencing LMS usage in universities using indicators from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework. This study examined system quality, service quality, information quality, technical support, and government policies as essential variables for affecting LMS usage using perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) as mediating variables. To reach the aim of this study, the conceptual model was proposed based on TAM integrated with external factors adapted from TOE framework. Quantitative research using a questionnaire was conducted on a sample of 393 lecturers. The study used a structural equation modelling technique, and the results were analysed by SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings show that information quality significantly correlates with PU and PEOU. Service quality, system quality, and government policy show a significant relationship with either PU or PEOU. However, technical support shows an insignificant relationship with PU and PEOU. Inside the TAM itself, PU and PEOU significantly correlate with LMS usage. Finally, the current study demonstrated the role of PU and POEU as mediators between external factors and LMS usage. These study findings have implications for research and practice to guide university leaders and policymakers in understanding the factors that must be addressed.