Modeling and Evaluating Soil Salt and Water Transport in a Cultivated Land–Wasteland–Lake System of Hetao, Yellow River Basin’s Upper Reaches
With the implementation of water-conservation projects in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), great changes have taken place in the ecohydrological process. A cultivated land–wasteland–lake system in the upper Yellow River Basin (YRB) was chosen to study the soil salt and water transport process wi...
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description | With the implementation of water-conservation projects in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), great changes have taken place in the ecohydrological process. A cultivated land–wasteland–lake system in the upper Yellow River Basin (YRB) was chosen to study the soil salt and water transport process with the Hydrus-1D model. The model parameters were calibrated and validated by measuring the soil salt and water data. Measured values were in good agreement with the simulated values. The results showed, in the whole growth period, the deep percolation of cultivated land was 34–40% of the total applied water (rainfall and irrigation). The capillary rise in the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 24%, 29–35%, and 62–68% of their own evapotranspiration, respectively. The capillary rise in the lake boundary was about 2 times that of the wasteland and 2.6 times that of the cultivated land. The salt storage in the 1 m soil zone of the lake boundary was more than 10% and 18% greater than that of the wasteland and cultivated land, respectively. The salt of the capillary rise in the lake boundary exceeded that of the wasteland by a factor of three. The salt accumulation in the upper soil zone of the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 13%, 37%, and 48%. Soil salinization in the upper soil zone of the wasteland and lake boundary was serious, and some measures should be taken to reduce the salt content to prevent soil salinization. The results act as a theoretical basis for the ecohydrological control of the HID. |
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A cultivated land–wasteland–lake system in the upper Yellow River Basin (YRB) was chosen to study the soil salt and water transport process with the Hydrus-1D model. The model parameters were calibrated and validated by measuring the soil salt and water data. Measured values were in good agreement with the simulated values. The results showed, in the whole growth period, the deep percolation of cultivated land was 34–40% of the total applied water (rainfall and irrigation). The capillary rise in the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 24%, 29–35%, and 62–68% of their own evapotranspiration, respectively. The capillary rise in the lake boundary was about 2 times that of the wasteland and 2.6 times that of the cultivated land. The salt storage in the 1 m soil zone of the lake boundary was more than 10% and 18% greater than that of the wasteland and cultivated land, respectively. The salt of the capillary rise in the lake boundary exceeded that of the wasteland by a factor of three. The salt accumulation in the upper soil zone of the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 13%, 37%, and 48%. Soil salinization in the upper soil zone of the wasteland and lake boundary was serious, and some measures should be taken to reduce the salt content to prevent soil salinization. The results act as a theoretical basis for the ecohydrological control of the HID.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su142114410</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Canals ; Climate change ; Corn ; Cultivated lands ; Cultivation ; Deep percolation ; Environmental aspects ; Evapotranspiration ; Groundwater ; Hydrology ; Irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Lakes ; Methods ; One dimensional models ; Percolation ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; River basins ; Rivers ; Salinity ; Salinization ; Salts ; Soil salinity ; Soil water storage ; Soils ; Soils, Salts in ; Sustainability ; Topography ; Transport processes ; Vegetation ; Water ; Water conservation ; Water transport</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2022-11, Vol.14 (21), p.14410</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-30dd352f209b89dd43e0fef1c56614f72c0c2fb59023cf42ec368194019c4b183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-30dd352f209b89dd43e0fef1c56614f72c0c2fb59023cf42ec368194019c4b183</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guoshuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Bing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Pengcheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Haibin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Delong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zekun</creatorcontrib><title>Modeling and Evaluating Soil Salt and Water Transport in a Cultivated Land–Wasteland–Lake System of Hetao, Yellow River Basin’s Upper Reaches</title><title>Sustainability</title><description>With the implementation of water-conservation projects in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), great changes have taken place in the ecohydrological process. A cultivated land–wasteland–lake system in the upper Yellow River Basin (YRB) was chosen to study the soil salt and water transport process with the Hydrus-1D model. The model parameters were calibrated and validated by measuring the soil salt and water data. Measured values were in good agreement with the simulated values. The results showed, in the whole growth period, the deep percolation of cultivated land was 34–40% of the total applied water (rainfall and irrigation). The capillary rise in the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 24%, 29–35%, and 62–68% of their own evapotranspiration, respectively. The capillary rise in the lake boundary was about 2 times that of the wasteland and 2.6 times that of the cultivated land. The salt storage in the 1 m soil zone of the lake boundary was more than 10% and 18% greater than that of the wasteland and cultivated land, respectively. The salt of the capillary rise in the lake boundary exceeded that of the wasteland by a factor of three. The salt accumulation in the upper soil zone of the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 13%, 37%, and 48%. Soil salinization in the upper soil zone of the wasteland and lake boundary was serious, and some measures should be taken to reduce the salt content to prevent soil salinization. The results act as a theoretical basis for the ecohydrological control of the HID.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Canals</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Cultivated lands</subject><subject>Cultivation</subject><subject>Deep percolation</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Irrigation water</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>One dimensional models</subject><subject>Percolation</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>River basins</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salinization</subject><subject>Salts</subject><subject>Soil salinity</subject><subject>Soil water storage</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Soils, Salts in</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Topography</subject><subject>Transport processes</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water conservation</subject><subject>Water transport</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkc1OIzEMx0eIlRYBp32BSJxWSyFO0pnmyFZ8SUUrtSC0p1Gacbph08lskilw4x048Xo8CSndA9gH_23_bB9cFN-AHnEu6XHsQTAAIYBuFTuMVjAAOqTbH_TXYj_GO5qNc5BQ7hTPV75BZ9sFUW1DTlfK9Sqt05m3jsyUS--NW5UwkOug2tj5kIhtiSLj3iW7yp2GTDL0-vR8q2JCt9ET9RfJ7DEXlsQbcoFJ-UPyG53z92RqV3nfTxVt-_r0EslN1-V8ikr_wbhXfDHKRdz_H3eLm7PT6_HFYPLr_HJ8MhloXkEacNo0fMgMo3I-kk0jOFKDBvSwLEGYimmqmZkPJWVcG8FQ83IEUlCQWsxhxHeLg83eLvh_PcZU3_k-tPlkzapSSpBUrqmjDbVQDmvbGp-C0tkbXFrtWzQ2108qUcFIMqB54PungcwkfEgL1cdYX86mn9kfG1YHH2NAU3fBLlV4rIHW66_WH77K3wByBZYc</recordid><startdate>20221101</startdate><enddate>20221101</enddate><creator>Wang, Guoshuai</creator><creator>Xu, Bing</creator><creator>Tang, Pengcheng</creator><creator>Shi, Haibin</creator><creator>Tian, Delong</creator><creator>Zhang, Chen</creator><creator>Ren, Jie</creator><creator>Li, Zekun</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221101</creationdate><title>Modeling and Evaluating Soil Salt and Water Transport in a Cultivated Land–Wasteland–Lake System of Hetao, Yellow River Basin’s Upper Reaches</title><author>Wang, Guoshuai ; Xu, Bing ; Tang, Pengcheng ; Shi, Haibin ; Tian, Delong ; Zhang, Chen ; Ren, Jie ; Li, Zekun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-30dd352f209b89dd43e0fef1c56614f72c0c2fb59023cf42ec368194019c4b183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Canals</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Cultivated lands</topic><topic>Cultivation</topic><topic>Deep percolation</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Evapotranspiration</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Irrigation</topic><topic>Irrigation water</topic><topic>Lakes</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>One dimensional models</topic><topic>Percolation</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>River basins</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Salinity</topic><topic>Salinization</topic><topic>Salts</topic><topic>Soil salinity</topic><topic>Soil water storage</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Soils, Salts in</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Topography</topic><topic>Transport processes</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water conservation</topic><topic>Water transport</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guoshuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Bing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Pengcheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Haibin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Delong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zekun</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Guoshuai</au><au>Xu, Bing</au><au>Tang, Pengcheng</au><au>Shi, Haibin</au><au>Tian, Delong</au><au>Zhang, Chen</au><au>Ren, Jie</au><au>Li, Zekun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modeling and Evaluating Soil Salt and Water Transport in a Cultivated Land–Wasteland–Lake System of Hetao, Yellow River Basin’s Upper Reaches</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2022-11-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>14410</spage><pages>14410-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>With the implementation of water-conservation projects in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), great changes have taken place in the ecohydrological process. A cultivated land–wasteland–lake system in the upper Yellow River Basin (YRB) was chosen to study the soil salt and water transport process with the Hydrus-1D model. The model parameters were calibrated and validated by measuring the soil salt and water data. Measured values were in good agreement with the simulated values. The results showed, in the whole growth period, the deep percolation of cultivated land was 34–40% of the total applied water (rainfall and irrigation). The capillary rise in the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 24%, 29–35%, and 62–68% of their own evapotranspiration, respectively. The capillary rise in the lake boundary was about 2 times that of the wasteland and 2.6 times that of the cultivated land. The salt storage in the 1 m soil zone of the lake boundary was more than 10% and 18% greater than that of the wasteland and cultivated land, respectively. The salt of the capillary rise in the lake boundary exceeded that of the wasteland by a factor of three. The salt accumulation in the upper soil zone of the cultivated land, wasteland, and lake boundary was 13%, 37%, and 48%. Soil salinization in the upper soil zone of the wasteland and lake boundary was serious, and some measures should be taken to reduce the salt content to prevent soil salinization. The results act as a theoretical basis for the ecohydrological control of the HID.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su142114410</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Agricultural production Canals Climate change Corn Cultivated lands Cultivation Deep percolation Environmental aspects Evapotranspiration Groundwater Hydrology Irrigation Irrigation water Lakes Methods One dimensional models Percolation Precipitation Rainfall River basins Rivers Salinity Salinization Salts Soil salinity Soil water storage Soils Soils, Salts in Sustainability Topography Transport processes Vegetation Water Water conservation Water transport |
title | Modeling and Evaluating Soil Salt and Water Transport in a Cultivated Land–Wasteland–Lake System of Hetao, Yellow River Basin’s Upper Reaches |
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