Synthesis and study of transition metal(Co, Cu, and Ni) substituted ferrites for humidity sensor applications

Ferrites are a very common commodity in the modern world due to their very strong magnetic permeability, high resistivity, modest permittivity, high saturation magnetization, low power losses, low coercivity, low remanence magnetization, and low power losses. These properties are mainly depending on chemical composition, synthesis method, and other parameter. Further based on these parameter material exhibits noticeable properties. Aiming on these points we have prepared 100% replacement at A site AB 2 O 4 materials with several dopant i.e. Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ . All the samples were prepared by solution combustion method using glucose as fuel. This method is the only one method very less expensive compare to other synthesis methods. The MFe 2 O 4 (M=Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ ) samples were characterised by XRD and VSM to confirm phase, structure, crystallinity, and magnetic behaviour of the samples. XRD data reveals that crystallite size were found decreases with changing transition metal 100% replacement at A site. Magnetic behaviour was studied by using VSM and results reveals that samples were turns ferrimagnetic to ferromagnetic nature with changing substitution. As a result of sensing study, these samples could be used to develop sensing materials in the future. According to the hysteresis analysis, the desorption mechanism is less than the adsorption process. At room temperature, the humidity sensing material is extremely stable at higher concentrations of Co ferrites. The low sensing response ferrites, on the other hand, have a lot of potential for sensor applications, hence our results help for permanent magnet applications. Since samples exhibits highly porosity so that these samples very good candidates for humidity sensor applications.