Evaluating effects of activated sludge and nanochitosan on physical and strength properties of recycled pulp
The present research aims to shed light on the effect of activated sludge (from a paper mill) and nanochitosan on the physical and strength properties of recycled pulp. Firstly, activated sludge was treated with 3% acetic acid for 30 min and then placed in a beaker for 90 min at 100 °C. Then, the in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bioresources 2021-05, Vol.16 (2), p.4237-4251 |
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| creator | Amani Bishehgah, Naghmeh Vaysi, Ramin Kiaei, Majid Najafi, Abdollah Ebadi, Seyed Eshagh |
| description | The present research aims to shed light on the effect of activated sludge (from a paper mill) and nanochitosan on the physical and strength properties of recycled pulp. Firstly, activated sludge was treated with 3% acetic acid for 30 min and then placed in a beaker for 90 min at 100 °C. Then, the ingredients were mixed and refined with recycled newsprint pulp in different proportions (0, 5, 10, and 15%). Finally, 2% nanochitosan was optionally added. Test specimens were prepared according to TAPPI standards with a basis weight of 120 g/m2, and their physical (water absorption) and strength (tear strength, tensile strength, burst strength, and ring crush test) properties were measured and compared. The results showed that with the increase of untreated activated sludge in recycled paper pulp, the indicators of tear resistance, ring crush test, and burst strength decreased and water absorption increased. Strength properties increased and water adsorption decreased when adding activated sludge treated with 3% acetic acid. Through the addition of nanochitosan to activated sludge treated with acetic acid, a significant increase in strength properties and a decrease in water absorption were observed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15376/biores.16.2.4237-4251 |
| format | Article |
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Firstly, activated sludge was treated with 3% acetic acid for 30 min and then placed in a beaker for 90 min at 100 °C. Then, the ingredients were mixed and refined with recycled newsprint pulp in different proportions (0, 5, 10, and 15%). Finally, 2% nanochitosan was optionally added. Test specimens were prepared according to TAPPI standards with a basis weight of 120 g/m2, and their physical (water absorption) and strength (tear strength, tensile strength, burst strength, and ring crush test) properties were measured and compared. The results showed that with the increase of untreated activated sludge in recycled paper pulp, the indicators of tear resistance, ring crush test, and burst strength decreased and water absorption increased. Strength properties increased and water adsorption decreased when adding activated sludge treated with 3% acetic acid. Through the addition of nanochitosan to activated sludge treated with acetic acid, a significant increase in strength properties and a decrease in water absorption were observed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1930-2126</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1930-2126</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.15376/biores.16.2.4237-4251</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Raleigh: North Carolina State University</publisher><subject>Absorption ; Acetic acid ; Acids ; Activated sludge ; Adsorbed water ; Biopolymers ; Bursting strength ; Cellulose ; Crush tests ; Fourier transforms ; Laboratories ; Mechanical properties ; Nanoparticles ; Newsprint ; Physical properties ; Pulp ; Pulp & paper mills ; Recycled materials ; Recycling ; Sludge ; Sludge treatment ; Spectrum analysis ; Statistical analysis ; Tear strength ; Tensile strength ; Variance analysis ; Water absorption</subject><ispartof>Bioresources, 2021-05, Vol.16 (2), p.4237-4251</ispartof><rights>2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms available at https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/about-the-journal/editorial-policies</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Amani Bishehgah, Naghmeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaysi, Ramin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiaei, Majid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najafi, Abdollah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebadi, Seyed Eshagh</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluating effects of activated sludge and nanochitosan on physical and strength properties of recycled pulp</title><title>Bioresources</title><description>The present research aims to shed light on the effect of activated sludge (from a paper mill) and nanochitosan on the physical and strength properties of recycled pulp. Firstly, activated sludge was treated with 3% acetic acid for 30 min and then placed in a beaker for 90 min at 100 °C. Then, the ingredients were mixed and refined with recycled newsprint pulp in different proportions (0, 5, 10, and 15%). Finally, 2% nanochitosan was optionally added. Test specimens were prepared according to TAPPI standards with a basis weight of 120 g/m2, and their physical (water absorption) and strength (tear strength, tensile strength, burst strength, and ring crush test) properties were measured and compared. The results showed that with the increase of untreated activated sludge in recycled paper pulp, the indicators of tear resistance, ring crush test, and burst strength decreased and water absorption increased. Strength properties increased and water adsorption decreased when adding activated sludge treated with 3% acetic acid. Through the addition of nanochitosan to activated sludge treated with acetic acid, a significant increase in strength properties and a decrease in water absorption were observed.</description><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Activated sludge</subject><subject>Adsorbed water</subject><subject>Biopolymers</subject><subject>Bursting strength</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Crush tests</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Newsprint</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Pulp</subject><subject>Pulp & paper mills</subject><subject>Recycled materials</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Sludge</subject><subject>Sludge treatment</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Tear strength</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Water absorption</subject><issn>1930-2126</issn><issn>1930-2126</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkE1LxDAQhoMouK7-BQl4bs0kbdIeZVk_YMGLnkOaj90uNalJurD_3rrrwdMMzDvPDA9C90BKqJngj10fok0l8JKWFWWiqGgNF2gBLSMFBcov__XX6CalPSFVw4As0LA-qGFSufdbbJ2zOiccHFY69weVrcFpmMzWYuUN9soHvetzSMrj4PG4O6Zeq-E0TDlav807PMYw2ph7ewJFq496mDnjNIy36MqpIdm7v7pEn8_rj9VrsXl_eVs9bQpNRZMLRYFVoE3bWGq4o6xzDSHQOgqCth0Y3jFHOAjCBGsU1GCcBQBuKCPCAluihzN3_uV7sinLfZiin09KKvi82LY1mVP8nNIxpBStk2Psv1Q8SiDyZFaezUrgkspfs_LXLPsBmtZvGw</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Amani Bishehgah, Naghmeh</creator><creator>Vaysi, Ramin</creator><creator>Kiaei, Majid</creator><creator>Najafi, Abdollah</creator><creator>Ebadi, Seyed Eshagh</creator><general>North Carolina State University</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Evaluating effects of activated sludge and nanochitosan on physical and strength properties of recycled pulp</title><author>Amani Bishehgah, Naghmeh ; Vaysi, Ramin ; Kiaei, Majid ; Najafi, Abdollah ; Ebadi, Seyed Eshagh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c278t-a21341cd98e2d6f23bf80019f21729b1d6b3f061703738a151dfe1116d2307e13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Absorption</topic><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Activated sludge</topic><topic>Adsorbed water</topic><topic>Biopolymers</topic><topic>Bursting strength</topic><topic>Cellulose</topic><topic>Crush tests</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Newsprint</topic><topic>Physical properties</topic><topic>Pulp</topic><topic>Pulp & paper mills</topic><topic>Recycled materials</topic><topic>Recycling</topic><topic>Sludge</topic><topic>Sludge treatment</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Tear strength</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><topic>Water absorption</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amani Bishehgah, Naghmeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaysi, Ramin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiaei, Majid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najafi, Abdollah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebadi, Seyed Eshagh</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Bioresources</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amani Bishehgah, Naghmeh</au><au>Vaysi, Ramin</au><au>Kiaei, Majid</au><au>Najafi, Abdollah</au><au>Ebadi, Seyed Eshagh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluating effects of activated sludge and nanochitosan on physical and strength properties of recycled pulp</atitle><jtitle>Bioresources</jtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>4237</spage><epage>4251</epage><pages>4237-4251</pages><issn>1930-2126</issn><eissn>1930-2126</eissn><abstract>The present research aims to shed light on the effect of activated sludge (from a paper mill) and nanochitosan on the physical and strength properties of recycled pulp. Firstly, activated sludge was treated with 3% acetic acid for 30 min and then placed in a beaker for 90 min at 100 °C. Then, the ingredients were mixed and refined with recycled newsprint pulp in different proportions (0, 5, 10, and 15%). Finally, 2% nanochitosan was optionally added. Test specimens were prepared according to TAPPI standards with a basis weight of 120 g/m2, and their physical (water absorption) and strength (tear strength, tensile strength, burst strength, and ring crush test) properties were measured and compared. The results showed that with the increase of untreated activated sludge in recycled paper pulp, the indicators of tear resistance, ring crush test, and burst strength decreased and water absorption increased. Strength properties increased and water adsorption decreased when adding activated sludge treated with 3% acetic acid. Through the addition of nanochitosan to activated sludge treated with acetic acid, a significant increase in strength properties and a decrease in water absorption were observed.</abstract><cop>Raleigh</cop><pub>North Carolina State University</pub><doi>10.15376/biores.16.2.4237-4251</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Absorption Acetic acid Acids Activated sludge Adsorbed water Biopolymers Bursting strength Cellulose Crush tests Fourier transforms Laboratories Mechanical properties Nanoparticles Newsprint Physical properties Pulp Pulp & paper mills Recycled materials Recycling Sludge Sludge treatment Spectrum analysis Statistical analysis Tear strength Tensile strength Variance analysis Water absorption |
| title | Evaluating effects of activated sludge and nanochitosan on physical and strength properties of recycled pulp |
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