Highly sensitive detection of infected red blood cells (IRBCs) with plasmodium falciparum using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) nanostructure

Plasmodium falciparum infections are the most common cause of malaria-related deaths. A significant difference between red blood cells with and without infection can be seen in their refractive indices, which can be used as a key indicator in the diagnosis of this disease. In this manuscript, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor is suggested theoretically for the detection of infected red blood cells (IRBCs) with Plasmodium Falciparum. The proposed SPR sensor has the configuration: BK7 prism/Ag/BiFeO 3 /2D-nanomaterials/analyte. The suggested SPR sensor has a (BiFeO 3 ) layer located between the metal (Ag) and 2D-nanomaterials to realize higher sensitivity. BiFeO 3 layer exhibits outstanding characteristics, such as high index of refraction and small loss and has shown a significant shift in resonance angle within a minute variation in the analyte’s refractive index. A variety of 2D materials, including MXene, Graphene, and Black Phosphor, are used to cover the surface of the SPR structure in order to develop the efficiency of the detector. The suggested detector can demonstrate an extremely high sensitivity of 461.43 deg/RIU by adjusting the thicknesses of Ag, BiFeO3, and the quantity of 2D-nanomaterial layers. The suggested SPR-based biosensor is hopeful for use in various sectors of biosensing due to its extraordinarily high sensitivity.