Oxide ceramic electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries - cost-cutting cell design and environmental impact
All-solid-state batteries are a hot research topic due to the prospect of high energy density and higher intrinsic safety, compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. Of the wide variety of solid-state electrolytes currently researched, oxide ceramic lithium-ion conductors are considered the mos...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC 2023-01, Vol.25 (1), p.399-414 |
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creator | Schreiber, Andrea Rosen, Melanie Waetzig, Katja Nikolowski, Kristian Schiffmann, Nikolas Wiggers, Hartmut Küpers, Michael Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm Guillon, Olivier Finsterbusch, Martin |
description | All-solid-state batteries are a hot research topic due to the prospect of high energy density and higher intrinsic safety, compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. Of the wide variety of solid-state electrolytes currently researched, oxide ceramic lithium-ion conductors are considered the most difficult to implement in industrial cells. Although their high lithium-ion conductivity combined with a high chemical and thermal stability make them a very attractive class of materials, cost-cutting synthesis and scalable processing into full batteries remain to be demonstrated. Additionally, they are Fluorine-free and can be processed in air but require one or more high temperature treatment steps during processing counteracting their ecological benefits. Thus, a viable cell design and corresponding assessment of its ecological impact is still missing. To close this gap, we define a target cell combining the advantages of the two most promising oxidic electrolytes, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) and lithium aluminium titanium phosphate (LATP). Even though it has not been demonstrated so far, the individual components are feasible to produce with state-of-the-art industrial manufacturing processes. This model cell then allows us to assess the environmental impact of the ceramic electrolyte synthesis and cell component manufacturing not just on an abstract level (per kg of material) but also with respect to their contributions to the final cell. The in-depth life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis revealed surprising similarities between oxide-based all-solid-state batteries and conventional Li-ion batteries. The overall LCA inventory on the material level is still dominated by the cathode active material, while the fabrication through ceramic manufacturing processes is a major contributor to the energy uptake. A clear path that identifies relevant research and development directions in terms of economic benefits and environmental sustainability could thus be developed to promote the competitiveness of oxide based all-solid-state batteries in the market.
An evaluation of the environmental impact of manufacturing an oxide all-solid-state lithium battery with economic cell design. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d2gc03368b |
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An evaluation of the environmental impact of manufacturing an oxide all-solid-state lithium battery with economic cell design.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1463-9262</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1463-9270</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d2gc03368b</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Aluminum ; Ceramics ; Competitiveness ; Conductors ; Electrolytes ; Electrolytic cells ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental impact ; Fabrication ; Fluorine ; Green chemistry ; High temperature ; Lanthanum ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycle assessment ; Life cycles ; Lithium ; Lithium batteries ; Lithium-ion batteries ; Manufacturing ; Manufacturing industry ; Molten salt electrolytes ; R&D ; Rechargeable batteries ; Research & development ; Solid electrolytes ; Solid state ; Sustainability ; Synthesis ; Temperature requirements ; Thermal stability ; Titanium ; Zirconium ; Zirconium oxides</subject><ispartof>Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC, 2023-01, Vol.25 (1), p.399-414</ispartof><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c247t-f75f1d9953ff22e36dda7414794d1585abb21f224a99f25288d3b3f35d763d803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c247t-f75f1d9953ff22e36dda7414794d1585abb21f224a99f25288d3b3f35d763d803</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4831-5725 ; 0000-0002-8098-3259 ; 0000-0002-5106-9214 ; 0000-0001-7027-7636</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schreiber, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, Melanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waetzig, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikolowski, Kristian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiffmann, Nikolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiggers, Hartmut</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Küpers, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guillon, Olivier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Finsterbusch, Martin</creatorcontrib><title>Oxide ceramic electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries - cost-cutting cell design and environmental impact</title><title>Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC</title><description>All-solid-state batteries are a hot research topic due to the prospect of high energy density and higher intrinsic safety, compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. Of the wide variety of solid-state electrolytes currently researched, oxide ceramic lithium-ion conductors are considered the most difficult to implement in industrial cells. Although their high lithium-ion conductivity combined with a high chemical and thermal stability make them a very attractive class of materials, cost-cutting synthesis and scalable processing into full batteries remain to be demonstrated. Additionally, they are Fluorine-free and can be processed in air but require one or more high temperature treatment steps during processing counteracting their ecological benefits. Thus, a viable cell design and corresponding assessment of its ecological impact is still missing. To close this gap, we define a target cell combining the advantages of the two most promising oxidic electrolytes, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) and lithium aluminium titanium phosphate (LATP). Even though it has not been demonstrated so far, the individual components are feasible to produce with state-of-the-art industrial manufacturing processes. This model cell then allows us to assess the environmental impact of the ceramic electrolyte synthesis and cell component manufacturing not just on an abstract level (per kg of material) but also with respect to their contributions to the final cell. The in-depth life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis revealed surprising similarities between oxide-based all-solid-state batteries and conventional Li-ion batteries. The overall LCA inventory on the material level is still dominated by the cathode active material, while the fabrication through ceramic manufacturing processes is a major contributor to the energy uptake. A clear path that identifies relevant research and development directions in terms of economic benefits and environmental sustainability could thus be developed to promote the competitiveness of oxide based all-solid-state batteries in the market.
An evaluation of the environmental impact of manufacturing an oxide all-solid-state lithium battery with economic cell design.</description><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Competitiveness</subject><subject>Conductors</subject><subject>Electrolytes</subject><subject>Electrolytic cells</subject><subject>Environmental assessment</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Fabrication</subject><subject>Fluorine</subject><subject>Green chemistry</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Lanthanum</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Life cycle assessment</subject><subject>Life cycles</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Lithium batteries</subject><subject>Lithium-ion batteries</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Manufacturing industry</subject><subject>Molten salt electrolytes</subject><subject>R&D</subject><subject>Rechargeable batteries</subject><subject>Research & development</subject><subject>Solid electrolytes</subject><subject>Solid state</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Temperature requirements</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Zirconium</subject><subject>Zirconium oxides</subject><issn>1463-9262</issn><issn>1463-9270</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpF0EtLAzEUBeAgCtbqxr0QcCdE85rJzFJbrUKhG10PmTxqSmZSk4zYf-9opa7uhftxLhwALgm-JZjVd5quFWasrNojMCG8ZKimAh8f9pKegrOUNhgTIko-AXn15bSBykTZOQWNNyrH4HfZJGhDhNJ7lIJ3GqUss4He5Xc3dLCVOZvoRoWgCikjNeTs-vWY5D3UJrl1D2Wvoek_XQx9Z_osPXTdVqp8Dk6s9Mlc_M0peHt6fJ09o-Vq8TK7XyJFucjIisISXdcFs5ZSw0qtpeCEi5prUlSFbFtKxguXdW1pQatKs5ZZVmhRMl1hNgXX-9xtDB-DSbnZhCH248uGihJjIThno7rZKxVDStHYZhtdJ-OuIbj5abWZ08Xst9WHEV_tcUzq4P5bZ99MO3Ua</recordid><startdate>20230103</startdate><enddate>20230103</enddate><creator>Schreiber, Andrea</creator><creator>Rosen, Melanie</creator><creator>Waetzig, Katja</creator><creator>Nikolowski, Kristian</creator><creator>Schiffmann, Nikolas</creator><creator>Wiggers, Hartmut</creator><creator>Küpers, Michael</creator><creator>Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina</creator><creator>Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm</creator><creator>Guillon, Olivier</creator><creator>Finsterbusch, Martin</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>JG9</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-5725</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-3259</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-9214</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-7636</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230103</creationdate><title>Oxide ceramic electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries - cost-cutting cell design and environmental impact</title><author>Schreiber, Andrea ; Rosen, Melanie ; Waetzig, Katja ; Nikolowski, Kristian ; Schiffmann, Nikolas ; Wiggers, Hartmut ; Küpers, Michael ; Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina ; Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm ; Guillon, Olivier ; Finsterbusch, Martin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c247t-f75f1d9953ff22e36dda7414794d1585abb21f224a99f25288d3b3f35d763d803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Competitiveness</topic><topic>Conductors</topic><topic>Electrolytes</topic><topic>Electrolytic cells</topic><topic>Environmental assessment</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Fabrication</topic><topic>Fluorine</topic><topic>Green chemistry</topic><topic>High temperature</topic><topic>Lanthanum</topic><topic>Life cycle analysis</topic><topic>Life cycle assessment</topic><topic>Life cycles</topic><topic>Lithium</topic><topic>Lithium batteries</topic><topic>Lithium-ion batteries</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Manufacturing industry</topic><topic>Molten salt electrolytes</topic><topic>R&D</topic><topic>Rechargeable batteries</topic><topic>Research & development</topic><topic>Solid electrolytes</topic><topic>Solid state</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Temperature requirements</topic><topic>Thermal stability</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><topic>Zirconium</topic><topic>Zirconium oxides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schreiber, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, Melanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waetzig, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikolowski, Kristian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiffmann, Nikolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiggers, Hartmut</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Küpers, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guillon, Olivier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Finsterbusch, Martin</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schreiber, Andrea</au><au>Rosen, Melanie</au><au>Waetzig, Katja</au><au>Nikolowski, Kristian</au><au>Schiffmann, Nikolas</au><au>Wiggers, Hartmut</au><au>Küpers, Michael</au><au>Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina</au><au>Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm</au><au>Guillon, Olivier</au><au>Finsterbusch, Martin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Oxide ceramic electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries - cost-cutting cell design and environmental impact</atitle><jtitle>Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC</jtitle><date>2023-01-03</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>399</spage><epage>414</epage><pages>399-414</pages><issn>1463-9262</issn><eissn>1463-9270</eissn><abstract>All-solid-state batteries are a hot research topic due to the prospect of high energy density and higher intrinsic safety, compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. Of the wide variety of solid-state electrolytes currently researched, oxide ceramic lithium-ion conductors are considered the most difficult to implement in industrial cells. Although their high lithium-ion conductivity combined with a high chemical and thermal stability make them a very attractive class of materials, cost-cutting synthesis and scalable processing into full batteries remain to be demonstrated. Additionally, they are Fluorine-free and can be processed in air but require one or more high temperature treatment steps during processing counteracting their ecological benefits. Thus, a viable cell design and corresponding assessment of its ecological impact is still missing. To close this gap, we define a target cell combining the advantages of the two most promising oxidic electrolytes, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) and lithium aluminium titanium phosphate (LATP). Even though it has not been demonstrated so far, the individual components are feasible to produce with state-of-the-art industrial manufacturing processes. This model cell then allows us to assess the environmental impact of the ceramic electrolyte synthesis and cell component manufacturing not just on an abstract level (per kg of material) but also with respect to their contributions to the final cell. The in-depth life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis revealed surprising similarities between oxide-based all-solid-state batteries and conventional Li-ion batteries. The overall LCA inventory on the material level is still dominated by the cathode active material, while the fabrication through ceramic manufacturing processes is a major contributor to the energy uptake. A clear path that identifies relevant research and development directions in terms of economic benefits and environmental sustainability could thus be developed to promote the competitiveness of oxide based all-solid-state batteries in the market.
An evaluation of the environmental impact of manufacturing an oxide all-solid-state lithium battery with economic cell design.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><doi>10.1039/d2gc03368b</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-5725</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-3259</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-9214</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-7636</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air temperature Aluminum Ceramics Competitiveness Conductors Electrolytes Electrolytic cells Environmental assessment Environmental impact Fabrication Fluorine Green chemistry High temperature Lanthanum Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment Life cycles Lithium Lithium batteries Lithium-ion batteries Manufacturing Manufacturing industry Molten salt electrolytes R&D Rechargeable batteries Research & development Solid electrolytes Solid state Sustainability Synthesis Temperature requirements Thermal stability Titanium Zirconium Zirconium oxides |
title | Oxide ceramic electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries - cost-cutting cell design and environmental impact |
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