Ankara Esenboga International Airport (Turkey) fog analysis and synoptical investigation of the fog event dated 17–19 December 2019

The aviation industry has developed greatly in recent years. Millions of people choose air transport as a means of transportation every year, and flight safety is critically important. However, meteorological conditions can cause disruptions in flight activities and lead to accidents. One of the met...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of climatology 2022-12, Vol.42 (16), p.8368-8389
Hauptverfasser: Koyuncu, Rozerin, Deniz, Ali, Özdemir, Emrah Tuncay
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description The aviation industry has developed greatly in recent years. Millions of people choose air transport as a means of transportation every year, and flight safety is critically important. However, meteorological conditions can cause disruptions in flight activities and lead to accidents. One of the meteorological conditions that adversely affect flight activities is fog. Prediction of fog incidents increases flight safety. In this study, fog analysis of Ankara Esenboga International Airport was carried out between 2011 and 2020. The data used in the fog analysis are taken from the observations of Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Aviation Selected Special Weather Report (SPECI). The distribution of fog events in a 10‐year period was determined according to years, months, days, hours, meteorological parameters (wind, pressure, cloud cover/height, temperature, and prevailing view), and types. Over a 10‐year period, 802.02 hr of fog occurred. The average number of foggy days was determined as 17.9. According to the fog formation types, the fogs occurring at Esenboga Airport were classified as 62% radiation fog, 14% lowering cloud base, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog. CAT categories in the foggy hours of Esenboga Airport were determined. In cases where there were foggy observations for approach and landing activities during the 10‐year period, these were found to be 40.34% according to CAT I, 72.8% according to CAT II, 93.8% according to CAT IIIA, and 100% according to CAT IIIB. Synoptic analysis of a particular fog incident, which started at 2220 UTC on December 16 and continued for 55.83 hr, was also made. When the synoptic maps and Skew‐T Log P diagrams were examined, the deepening of the high pressure center in and around Ankara and the low thermal advection caused a very stable atmosphere, resulting in a prolonged and intense fog event. The average number of foggy days was found to be 17.9, and in winter, it is foggy for an average of 13.6 days. The distribution of fog types by months was determined. Radiation fog occurred mostly in January and December.Classification as 62% radiation fog, 14% cloud base descending, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog according to their formation forms of fog were determined. Fog types were classified according to the threshold values of 400 and 500 m. According to the threshold value of 400 m, 59.13% of foggy observations were determined as extremely dense fog.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/joc.7728
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Millions of people choose air transport as a means of transportation every year, and flight safety is critically important. However, meteorological conditions can cause disruptions in flight activities and lead to accidents. One of the meteorological conditions that adversely affect flight activities is fog. Prediction of fog incidents increases flight safety. In this study, fog analysis of Ankara Esenboga International Airport was carried out between 2011 and 2020. The data used in the fog analysis are taken from the observations of Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Aviation Selected Special Weather Report (SPECI). The distribution of fog events in a 10‐year period was determined according to years, months, days, hours, meteorological parameters (wind, pressure, cloud cover/height, temperature, and prevailing view), and types. Over a 10‐year period, 802.02 hr of fog occurred. The average number of foggy days was determined as 17.9. According to the fog formation types, the fogs occurring at Esenboga Airport were classified as 62% radiation fog, 14% lowering cloud base, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog. CAT categories in the foggy hours of Esenboga Airport were determined. In cases where there were foggy observations for approach and landing activities during the 10‐year period, these were found to be 40.34% according to CAT I, 72.8% according to CAT II, 93.8% according to CAT IIIA, and 100% according to CAT IIIB. Synoptic analysis of a particular fog incident, which started at 2220 UTC on December 16 and continued for 55.83 hr, was also made. When the synoptic maps and Skew‐T Log P diagrams were examined, the deepening of the high pressure center in and around Ankara and the low thermal advection caused a very stable atmosphere, resulting in a prolonged and intense fog event. The average number of foggy days was found to be 17.9, and in winter, it is foggy for an average of 13.6 days. The distribution of fog types by months was determined. Radiation fog occurred mostly in January and December.Classification as 62% radiation fog, 14% cloud base descending, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog according to their formation forms of fog were determined. Fog types were classified according to the threshold values of 400 and 500 m. According to the threshold value of 400 m, 59.13% of foggy observations were determined as extremely dense fog. According to the threshold value of 500 m, 71.94% of foggy observations were determined as extremely dense fog. According to the 400 m threshold value, 49.80% of foggy observations on days with radiation fog and 5.22% of foggy observations on cloud base descending days were detected as extremely dense fog. 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Millions of people choose air transport as a means of transportation every year, and flight safety is critically important. However, meteorological conditions can cause disruptions in flight activities and lead to accidents. One of the meteorological conditions that adversely affect flight activities is fog. Prediction of fog incidents increases flight safety. In this study, fog analysis of Ankara Esenboga International Airport was carried out between 2011 and 2020. The data used in the fog analysis are taken from the observations of Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Aviation Selected Special Weather Report (SPECI). The distribution of fog events in a 10‐year period was determined according to years, months, days, hours, meteorological parameters (wind, pressure, cloud cover/height, temperature, and prevailing view), and types. Over a 10‐year period, 802.02 hr of fog occurred. The average number of foggy days was determined as 17.9. According to the fog formation types, the fogs occurring at Esenboga Airport were classified as 62% radiation fog, 14% lowering cloud base, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog. CAT categories in the foggy hours of Esenboga Airport were determined. In cases where there were foggy observations for approach and landing activities during the 10‐year period, these were found to be 40.34% according to CAT I, 72.8% according to CAT II, 93.8% according to CAT IIIA, and 100% according to CAT IIIB. Synoptic analysis of a particular fog incident, which started at 2220 UTC on December 16 and continued for 55.83 hr, was also made. When the synoptic maps and Skew‐T Log P diagrams were examined, the deepening of the high pressure center in and around Ankara and the low thermal advection caused a very stable atmosphere, resulting in a prolonged and intense fog event. The average number of foggy days was found to be 17.9, and in winter, it is foggy for an average of 13.6 days. The distribution of fog types by months was determined. Radiation fog occurred mostly in January and December.Classification as 62% radiation fog, 14% cloud base descending, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog according to their formation forms of fog were determined. Fog types were classified according to the threshold values of 400 and 500 m. According to the threshold value of 400 m, 59.13% of foggy observations were determined as extremely dense fog. According to the threshold value of 500 m, 71.94% of foggy observations were determined as extremely dense fog. According to the 400 m threshold value, 49.80% of foggy observations on days with radiation fog and 5.22% of foggy observations on cloud base descending days were detected as extremely dense fog. According to the 500 m threshold value, 59.19% of foggy observations on days with radiation fog detected and 6.49% of foggy observations on cloud base descending detected days were detected as extremely dense fog.</description><subject>Advection</subject><subject>Advection fog</subject><subject>Aerospace industry</subject><subject>Air transport</subject><subject>Air transportation</subject><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>Aircraft accidents &amp; safety</subject><subject>Airports</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Aviation</subject><subject>Cloud cover</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Esenboga Airport</subject><subject>Flight</subject><subject>Flight safety</subject><subject>Fog</subject><subject>Fog formation</subject><subject>High pressure</subject><subject>Industrial development</subject><subject>Landing behavior</subject><subject>METAR</subject><subject>Meteorological conditions</subject><subject>Meteorological parameters</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiation fog</subject><subject>SPECI</subject><subject>synoptic</subject><subject>Synoptic analysis</subject><subject>Weather</subject><issn>0899-8418</issn><issn>1097-0088</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10L1OwzAQB3ALgUQpSDyCJZYypPijie2xKgWKkLqUOXKcc0k_4mKnRdlYeALekCfBbVmZfJJ__9PdIXRNSZ8Swu4WzvSFYPIEdShRIiFEylPUIVKpRA6oPEcXISwIIUrRrIO-hvVSe43HAerCzTWe1A34WjeVq_UKDyu_cb7BvdnWL6G9xdbNsY4_bahCLEoc2tptmspEXNU7CE01P4Sxs7h5g0MAdlA3uNQNlJiKn89vqvA9GFgX4DEjVF2iM6tXAa7-3i56fRjPRk_Jy_RxMhq-JIYxLpOCcSVlBrTgIuPGplBSYgrNTJmBFbaQkpWCxM5lmkUgZWoGacG05coqkvEuujn23Xj3vo3D5gu3jduuQs5EKhXngg-i6h2V8S4EDzbf-GqtfZtTku-PHFMm3x850uRIP6oVtP-6_Hk6OvhfsRl-6w</recordid><startdate>20221230</startdate><enddate>20221230</enddate><creator>Koyuncu, Rozerin</creator><creator>Deniz, Ali</creator><creator>Özdemir, Emrah Tuncay</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; 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Millions of people choose air transport as a means of transportation every year, and flight safety is critically important. However, meteorological conditions can cause disruptions in flight activities and lead to accidents. One of the meteorological conditions that adversely affect flight activities is fog. Prediction of fog incidents increases flight safety. In this study, fog analysis of Ankara Esenboga International Airport was carried out between 2011 and 2020. The data used in the fog analysis are taken from the observations of Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Aviation Selected Special Weather Report (SPECI). The distribution of fog events in a 10‐year period was determined according to years, months, days, hours, meteorological parameters (wind, pressure, cloud cover/height, temperature, and prevailing view), and types. Over a 10‐year period, 802.02 hr of fog occurred. The average number of foggy days was determined as 17.9. According to the fog formation types, the fogs occurring at Esenboga Airport were classified as 62% radiation fog, 14% lowering cloud base, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog. CAT categories in the foggy hours of Esenboga Airport were determined. In cases where there were foggy observations for approach and landing activities during the 10‐year period, these were found to be 40.34% according to CAT I, 72.8% according to CAT II, 93.8% according to CAT IIIA, and 100% according to CAT IIIB. Synoptic analysis of a particular fog incident, which started at 2220 UTC on December 16 and continued for 55.83 hr, was also made. When the synoptic maps and Skew‐T Log P diagrams were examined, the deepening of the high pressure center in and around Ankara and the low thermal advection caused a very stable atmosphere, resulting in a prolonged and intense fog event. The average number of foggy days was found to be 17.9, and in winter, it is foggy for an average of 13.6 days. The distribution of fog types by months was determined. Radiation fog occurred mostly in January and December.Classification as 62% radiation fog, 14% cloud base descending, 9% precipitation fog, 2% advection fog, and 12% unknown fog according to their formation forms of fog were determined. Fog types were classified according to the threshold values of 400 and 500 m. According to the threshold value of 400 m, 59.13% of foggy observations were determined as extremely dense fog. According to the threshold value of 500 m, 71.94% of foggy observations were determined as extremely dense fog. According to the 400 m threshold value, 49.80% of foggy observations on days with radiation fog and 5.22% of foggy observations on cloud base descending days were detected as extremely dense fog. According to the 500 m threshold value, 59.19% of foggy observations on days with radiation fog detected and 6.49% of foggy observations on cloud base descending detected days were detected as extremely dense fog.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/joc.7728</doi><tpages>22</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-9618</orcidid></addata></record>
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source Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Advection
Advection fog
Aerospace industry
Air transport
Air transportation
Aircraft
Aircraft accidents & safety
Airports
Analysis
Aviation
Cloud cover
Clouds
Esenboga Airport
Flight
Flight safety
Fog
Fog formation
High pressure
Industrial development
Landing behavior
METAR
Meteorological conditions
Meteorological parameters
Radiation
Radiation fog
SPECI
synoptic
Synoptic analysis
Weather
title Ankara Esenboga International Airport (Turkey) fog analysis and synoptical investigation of the fog event dated 17–19 December 2019
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