Analytical investigation and numerical modelling of optimum EDFA-RFA hybrid optical amplifier for augmented gain and reduced differential spectral gain in ultra-dense WDM environment
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) system is analysed by using coupled mode equations and subsequently through simulations. We aim reduction in differential spectral gain (∆G) while maintaining high gain (G). Analytical elucidation explores pivotal gain influencing parameters which include input si...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Optical and quantum electronics 2023-02, Vol.55 (2), Article 155 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | |
| container_title | Optical and quantum electronics |
| container_volume | 55 |
| creator | Amin, Ifrah Qazi, Gausia |
| description | Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) system is analysed by using coupled mode equations and subsequently through simulations. We aim reduction in differential spectral gain (∆G) while maintaining high gain (G). Analytical elucidation explores pivotal gain influencing parameters which include input signal power (
P
S
q
,
01
z
), EDFA parameters like erbium doping radius to Erbium-Doped Fiber (EDF) core radius (
r
d
/
r
c
) ratio, EDF length (
L
EDF
) and pump power (
P
p
,
01
z
). The propagation behaviour of input signal, pump signal, Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE), population inversion criteria, G and ∆G observed trends are analysed. Modified Giles model is extended to extract transverse overlap factor confirming gain influencing behaviour of
r
d
. For gain enhancement, ASE re-injection and its utility as a secondary pump source has been exploited. To ensure optimum G and ∆G in the trending research window (C + L band), an ultra-dense ASE re-injected EDFA and Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA) based Hybrid Optical Amplifier (ER-HOA
ase
) setup is investigated. The proposed optimum setup offers high G (> 44.5 dB), low NF (~ 4 dB), reduced ∆G = ± 0.19 dB for 128 WDM channels from 1561.8 to 1568.15 nm spaced 0.05 nm apart. Four hybrid systems are compared: ASE re-injected systems (ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
ase-opt
) and systems without ASE re-injection (ER-HOA
initial
, ER-HOA
opt
). It is observed that the performance of the proposed ER-HOA
ase-opt
is the highest, followed by ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
opt,
and ER-HOA
initial
. Also, Quality factor performance with initial and optimum parameters is evaluated. Consequently, it is observed that the best performing setup, ER-HOA
ase-opt
maintains Q ≥ 6 over 290 km of fiber length. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11082-022-04420-1 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2758374774</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2758374774</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-b84c7a9bced24909d08feba5f528f539b79f41a7581b0e328066b547e686f5f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kcFq3DAQhkVpoNukL9CToGe1I1m25OOSZNtCSiAE2puQ7ZGrYMuuZAf2xfJ80a4LvRUkJM18_y-Yn5CPHD5zAPUlcQ5aMBB5SymA8Tdkx0slmObq11uygwIqpmtevyPvU3oCgEqWsCMv-2CH4-JbO1AfnjEtvreLnwK1oaNhHTGee-PU4TD40NPJ0Wle_LiO9PbmsGcPhz39fWyi7871E2zHefDOY6RuitSu_YhhwY721m--Ebu1zYXOO4cxN31WpRnbJebLGctrHfKTdRgS0p83PyiGZx-ncDK7IhfODgk__D0vyePh9vH6G7u7__r9en_HWgGwsEbLVtm6yX8JWUPdgXbY2NKVQruyqBtVO8mtKjVvAAuhoaqaUiqsdOVKV1yST5vtHKc_ax6OeZrWmCeWjMiiQkmlZKbERrVxSimiM3P0o41Hw8Gc4jFbPCbHY87xGJ5FxSZKGQ49xn_W_1G9Ai3OloY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2758374774</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Analytical investigation and numerical modelling of optimum EDFA-RFA hybrid optical amplifier for augmented gain and reduced differential spectral gain in ultra-dense WDM environment</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Amin, Ifrah ; Qazi, Gausia</creator><creatorcontrib>Amin, Ifrah ; Qazi, Gausia</creatorcontrib><description>Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) system is analysed by using coupled mode equations and subsequently through simulations. We aim reduction in differential spectral gain (∆G) while maintaining high gain (G). Analytical elucidation explores pivotal gain influencing parameters which include input signal power (
P
S
q
,
01
z
), EDFA parameters like erbium doping radius to Erbium-Doped Fiber (EDF) core radius (
r
d
/
r
c
) ratio, EDF length (
L
EDF
) and pump power (
P
p
,
01
z
). The propagation behaviour of input signal, pump signal, Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE), population inversion criteria, G and ∆G observed trends are analysed. Modified Giles model is extended to extract transverse overlap factor confirming gain influencing behaviour of
r
d
. For gain enhancement, ASE re-injection and its utility as a secondary pump source has been exploited. To ensure optimum G and ∆G in the trending research window (C + L band), an ultra-dense ASE re-injected EDFA and Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA) based Hybrid Optical Amplifier (ER-HOA
ase
) setup is investigated. The proposed optimum setup offers high G (> 44.5 dB), low NF (~ 4 dB), reduced ∆G = ± 0.19 dB for 128 WDM channels from 1561.8 to 1568.15 nm spaced 0.05 nm apart. Four hybrid systems are compared: ASE re-injected systems (ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
ase-opt
) and systems without ASE re-injection (ER-HOA
initial
, ER-HOA
opt
). It is observed that the performance of the proposed ER-HOA
ase-opt
is the highest, followed by ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
opt,
and ER-HOA
initial
. Also, Quality factor performance with initial and optimum parameters is evaluated. Consequently, it is observed that the best performing setup, ER-HOA
ase-opt
maintains Q ≥ 6 over 290 km of fiber length.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-8919</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-817X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11082-022-04420-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Amplification ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Computer Communication Networks ; Coupled modes ; Differential equations ; Doped fibers ; Electrical Engineering ; Emission analysis ; Erbium ; High gain ; Hybrid systems ; Lasers ; Light amplifiers ; Mathematical models ; Optical Devices ; Optics ; Parameters ; Photonics ; Physics ; Physics and Astronomy ; Population inversion ; Spontaneous emission</subject><ispartof>Optical and quantum electronics, 2023-02, Vol.55 (2), Article 155</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-b84c7a9bced24909d08feba5f528f539b79f41a7581b0e328066b547e686f5f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11082-022-04420-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11082-022-04420-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Amin, Ifrah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qazi, Gausia</creatorcontrib><title>Analytical investigation and numerical modelling of optimum EDFA-RFA hybrid optical amplifier for augmented gain and reduced differential spectral gain in ultra-dense WDM environment</title><title>Optical and quantum electronics</title><addtitle>Opt Quant Electron</addtitle><description>Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) system is analysed by using coupled mode equations and subsequently through simulations. We aim reduction in differential spectral gain (∆G) while maintaining high gain (G). Analytical elucidation explores pivotal gain influencing parameters which include input signal power (
P
S
q
,
01
z
), EDFA parameters like erbium doping radius to Erbium-Doped Fiber (EDF) core radius (
r
d
/
r
c
) ratio, EDF length (
L
EDF
) and pump power (
P
p
,
01
z
). The propagation behaviour of input signal, pump signal, Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE), population inversion criteria, G and ∆G observed trends are analysed. Modified Giles model is extended to extract transverse overlap factor confirming gain influencing behaviour of
r
d
. For gain enhancement, ASE re-injection and its utility as a secondary pump source has been exploited. To ensure optimum G and ∆G in the trending research window (C + L band), an ultra-dense ASE re-injected EDFA and Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA) based Hybrid Optical Amplifier (ER-HOA
ase
) setup is investigated. The proposed optimum setup offers high G (> 44.5 dB), low NF (~ 4 dB), reduced ∆G = ± 0.19 dB for 128 WDM channels from 1561.8 to 1568.15 nm spaced 0.05 nm apart. Four hybrid systems are compared: ASE re-injected systems (ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
ase-opt
) and systems without ASE re-injection (ER-HOA
initial
, ER-HOA
opt
). It is observed that the performance of the proposed ER-HOA
ase-opt
is the highest, followed by ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
opt,
and ER-HOA
initial
. Also, Quality factor performance with initial and optimum parameters is evaluated. Consequently, it is observed that the best performing setup, ER-HOA
ase-opt
maintains Q ≥ 6 over 290 km of fiber length.</description><subject>Amplification</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Computer Communication Networks</subject><subject>Coupled modes</subject><subject>Differential equations</subject><subject>Doped fibers</subject><subject>Electrical Engineering</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Erbium</subject><subject>High gain</subject><subject>Hybrid systems</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Light amplifiers</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Optical Devices</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Photonics</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics and Astronomy</subject><subject>Population inversion</subject><subject>Spontaneous emission</subject><issn>0306-8919</issn><issn>1572-817X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kcFq3DAQhkVpoNukL9CToGe1I1m25OOSZNtCSiAE2puQ7ZGrYMuuZAf2xfJ80a4LvRUkJM18_y-Yn5CPHD5zAPUlcQ5aMBB5SymA8Tdkx0slmObq11uygwIqpmtevyPvU3oCgEqWsCMv-2CH4-JbO1AfnjEtvreLnwK1oaNhHTGee-PU4TD40NPJ0Wle_LiO9PbmsGcPhz39fWyi7871E2zHefDOY6RuitSu_YhhwY721m--Ebu1zYXOO4cxN31WpRnbJebLGctrHfKTdRgS0p83PyiGZx-ncDK7IhfODgk__D0vyePh9vH6G7u7__r9en_HWgGwsEbLVtm6yX8JWUPdgXbY2NKVQruyqBtVO8mtKjVvAAuhoaqaUiqsdOVKV1yST5vtHKc_ax6OeZrWmCeWjMiiQkmlZKbERrVxSimiM3P0o41Hw8Gc4jFbPCbHY87xGJ5FxSZKGQ49xn_W_1G9Ai3OloY</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Amin, Ifrah</creator><creator>Qazi, Gausia</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>Analytical investigation and numerical modelling of optimum EDFA-RFA hybrid optical amplifier for augmented gain and reduced differential spectral gain in ultra-dense WDM environment</title><author>Amin, Ifrah ; Qazi, Gausia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c200t-b84c7a9bced24909d08feba5f528f539b79f41a7581b0e328066b547e686f5f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Amplification</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Computer Communication Networks</topic><topic>Coupled modes</topic><topic>Differential equations</topic><topic>Doped fibers</topic><topic>Electrical Engineering</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Erbium</topic><topic>High gain</topic><topic>Hybrid systems</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Light amplifiers</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Optical Devices</topic><topic>Optics</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Photonics</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics and Astronomy</topic><topic>Population inversion</topic><topic>Spontaneous emission</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amin, Ifrah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qazi, Gausia</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Optical and quantum electronics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amin, Ifrah</au><au>Qazi, Gausia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Analytical investigation and numerical modelling of optimum EDFA-RFA hybrid optical amplifier for augmented gain and reduced differential spectral gain in ultra-dense WDM environment</atitle><jtitle>Optical and quantum electronics</jtitle><stitle>Opt Quant Electron</stitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>2</issue><artnum>155</artnum><issn>0306-8919</issn><eissn>1572-817X</eissn><abstract>Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) system is analysed by using coupled mode equations and subsequently through simulations. We aim reduction in differential spectral gain (∆G) while maintaining high gain (G). Analytical elucidation explores pivotal gain influencing parameters which include input signal power (
P
S
q
,
01
z
), EDFA parameters like erbium doping radius to Erbium-Doped Fiber (EDF) core radius (
r
d
/
r
c
) ratio, EDF length (
L
EDF
) and pump power (
P
p
,
01
z
). The propagation behaviour of input signal, pump signal, Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE), population inversion criteria, G and ∆G observed trends are analysed. Modified Giles model is extended to extract transverse overlap factor confirming gain influencing behaviour of
r
d
. For gain enhancement, ASE re-injection and its utility as a secondary pump source has been exploited. To ensure optimum G and ∆G in the trending research window (C + L band), an ultra-dense ASE re-injected EDFA and Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA) based Hybrid Optical Amplifier (ER-HOA
ase
) setup is investigated. The proposed optimum setup offers high G (> 44.5 dB), low NF (~ 4 dB), reduced ∆G = ± 0.19 dB for 128 WDM channels from 1561.8 to 1568.15 nm spaced 0.05 nm apart. Four hybrid systems are compared: ASE re-injected systems (ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
ase-opt
) and systems without ASE re-injection (ER-HOA
initial
, ER-HOA
opt
). It is observed that the performance of the proposed ER-HOA
ase-opt
is the highest, followed by ER-HOA
ase-initial
, ER-HOA
opt,
and ER-HOA
initial
. Also, Quality factor performance with initial and optimum parameters is evaluated. Consequently, it is observed that the best performing setup, ER-HOA
ase-opt
maintains Q ≥ 6 over 290 km of fiber length.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11082-022-04420-1</doi></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0306-8919 |
| ispartof | Optical and quantum electronics, 2023-02, Vol.55 (2), Article 155 |
| issn | 0306-8919 1572-817X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2758374774 |
| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Amplification Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Computer Communication Networks Coupled modes Differential equations Doped fibers Electrical Engineering Emission analysis Erbium High gain Hybrid systems Lasers Light amplifiers Mathematical models Optical Devices Optics Parameters Photonics Physics Physics and Astronomy Population inversion Spontaneous emission |
| title | Analytical investigation and numerical modelling of optimum EDFA-RFA hybrid optical amplifier for augmented gain and reduced differential spectral gain in ultra-dense WDM environment |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T02%3A37%3A05IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Analytical%20investigation%20and%20numerical%20modelling%20of%20optimum%20EDFA-RFA%20hybrid%20optical%20amplifier%20for%20augmented%20gain%20and%20reduced%20differential%20spectral%20gain%20in%20ultra-dense%20WDM%20environment&rft.jtitle=Optical%20and%20quantum%20electronics&rft.au=Amin,%20Ifrah&rft.date=2023-02-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.artnum=155&rft.issn=0306-8919&rft.eissn=1572-817X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11082-022-04420-1&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2758374774%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2758374774&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |