Co-processing of Atmospheric Gas Oil with Rapeseed Oil Over Sulfur-Free Supported and Phosphorus-Modified Co-Mo and Ni-Mo Carbide Catalysts

Sulfur-free Al 2 O 3 -supported Co-Mo and Ni-Mo carbide catalysts have shown a significant catalyst activity during hydrotreating. According to our previous studies, a catalyst modification with phosphorus is a promising way to improve catalyst activity. In this paper, we build on our previous research by studying six sulfur-free Al 2 O 3 -supported and phosphorus-modified (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 wt%) Co-Mo and Ni-Mo carbide catalysts for the hydrotreating of atmospheric gas oil and its co-processing with atmospheric gas oil (5, 10 and 25 wt%) under industrial conditions (330–350 °C, 5.5 MPa, WHSV 1–2 h −1 ). Adding 0.5 wt% of phosphorus increases catalyst acidity and reducibility, positively affecting catalyst activity (HDS 10–20%, HDN 10–15%). During co-processing, adding 0.5 wt% of phosphorus to the catalysts also offers better stability results even at the highest ratio (75/25). Our results enable us to evaluate the effect of phosphorus addition on catalyst properties and activity, developing a suitable alternative to commercial catalysts. Graphical Abstract