Causes of aquatic ecosystem degradation related to tourism and the feasibility of restoration for karst nature reserves
Tourism remains one of the top threats in nature reserves worldwide. In this study, we first used both a field survey and in situ nutrient enrichment experiments to assess the effects of tourisms on aquatic ecosystems in a World Natural Heritage site that includes lakes, streams, shoals, and waterfa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Aquatic ecology 2022-12, Vol.56 (4), p.1231-1243 |
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| creator | Pang, Wanting Pan, Yangdong You, Qingmin Cao, Yong Wang, Lizhu Deng, Guiping Wang, Quanxi |
| description | Tourism remains one of the top threats in nature reserves worldwide. In this study, we first used both a field survey and in situ nutrient enrichment experiments to assess the effects of tourisms on aquatic ecosystems in a World Natural Heritage site that includes lakes, streams, shoals, and waterfalls. The results showed that phosphorus (P) enrichment altered benthic algal assemblage composition and the color of bryophyte-dominated benthic substrates in a shoal. Epilithic diatoms and their responses to the nutrient addition were significantly different between the control and test sites on a lake, which had contrasting tourist impacts in a lake. Second, we assessed the resilience of a lake heavily visited in the reserve by comparing phytoplankton density before and after a 2-year reserve closure due to an earthquake. Our study confirmed the hypotheses: (1) the perceived color change in Jiuzhaigou Natural Reserve waters was caused by nutrient enrichment in relation to tourist activities and was closely associated with a shift in algal composition; and (2) the changes to the fluvial and lake systems are still at their early stages and could be recovered by reducing tourism pressure. Our findings provide managers of protected karstic nature reserves with critical information for identifying causes of reserve degradation, estimating the carrying capacity for tourism and establishing limits of acceptable ecosystem changes. Guiping Deng (deceased) [query] |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10452-022-09983-5 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, we first used both a field survey and in situ nutrient enrichment experiments to assess the effects of tourisms on aquatic ecosystems in a World Natural Heritage site that includes lakes, streams, shoals, and waterfalls. The results showed that phosphorus (P) enrichment altered benthic algal assemblage composition and the color of bryophyte-dominated benthic substrates in a shoal. Epilithic diatoms and their responses to the nutrient addition were significantly different between the control and test sites on a lake, which had contrasting tourist impacts in a lake. Second, we assessed the resilience of a lake heavily visited in the reserve by comparing phytoplankton density before and after a 2-year reserve closure due to an earthquake. Our study confirmed the hypotheses: (1) the perceived color change in Jiuzhaigou Natural Reserve waters was caused by nutrient enrichment in relation to tourist activities and was closely associated with a shift in algal composition; and (2) the changes to the fluvial and lake systems are still at their early stages and could be recovered by reducing tourism pressure. Our findings provide managers of protected karstic nature reserves with critical information for identifying causes of reserve degradation, estimating the carrying capacity for tourism and establishing limits of acceptable ecosystem changes. Guiping Deng (deceased) [query]</description><identifier>ISSN: 1386-2588</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-5125</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10452-022-09983-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Algae ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Aquatic plants ; Benthos ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Carrying capacity ; Color ; Colour ; Composition ; Diatoms ; Earthquakes ; Ecosystem degradation ; Ecosystems ; Enrichment ; Environmental changes ; Freshwater & Marine Ecology ; Geomorphology ; Historic sites ; Karst ; Lakes ; Life Sciences ; Marine microorganisms ; Natural areas ; Nature reserves ; Nutrient enrichment ; Nutrients ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton ; Potential resources ; Restoration ; Seismic activity ; Shoals ; Streams ; Substrates ; Surveying ; Surveys ; Tourism ; Tourist activities ; Tourists ; Travel industry ; Waterfalls</subject><ispartof>Aquatic ecology, 2022-12, Vol.56 (4), p.1231-1243</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022. 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In this study, we first used both a field survey and in situ nutrient enrichment experiments to assess the effects of tourisms on aquatic ecosystems in a World Natural Heritage site that includes lakes, streams, shoals, and waterfalls. The results showed that phosphorus (P) enrichment altered benthic algal assemblage composition and the color of bryophyte-dominated benthic substrates in a shoal. Epilithic diatoms and their responses to the nutrient addition were significantly different between the control and test sites on a lake, which had contrasting tourist impacts in a lake. Second, we assessed the resilience of a lake heavily visited in the reserve by comparing phytoplankton density before and after a 2-year reserve closure due to an earthquake. Our study confirmed the hypotheses: (1) the perceived color change in Jiuzhaigou Natural Reserve waters was caused by nutrient enrichment in relation to tourist activities and was closely associated with a shift in algal composition; and (2) the changes to the fluvial and lake systems are still at their early stages and could be recovered by reducing tourism pressure. Our findings provide managers of protected karstic nature reserves with critical information for identifying causes of reserve degradation, estimating the carrying capacity for tourism and establishing limits of acceptable ecosystem changes. Guiping Deng (deceased) [query]</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Aquatic plants</subject><subject>Benthos</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carrying capacity</subject><subject>Color</subject><subject>Colour</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Diatoms</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Ecosystem degradation</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</subject><subject>Geomorphology</subject><subject>Historic sites</subject><subject>Karst</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Marine microorganisms</subject><subject>Natural areas</subject><subject>Nature reserves</subject><subject>Nutrient enrichment</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Phytoplankton</subject><subject>Potential resources</subject><subject>Restoration</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Shoals</subject><subject>Streams</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Surveying</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Tourism</subject><subject>Tourist activities</subject><subject>Tourists</subject><subject>Travel 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related to tourism and the feasibility of restoration for karst nature reserves</atitle><jtitle>Aquatic ecology</jtitle><stitle>Aquat Ecol</stitle><date>2022-12-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1231</spage><epage>1243</epage><pages>1231-1243</pages><issn>1386-2588</issn><eissn>1573-5125</eissn><abstract>Tourism remains one of the top threats in nature reserves worldwide. 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| ispartof | Aquatic ecology, 2022-12, Vol.56 (4), p.1231-1243 |
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| subjects | Algae Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic plants Benthos Biomedical and Life Sciences Carrying capacity Color Colour Composition Diatoms Earthquakes Ecosystem degradation Ecosystems Enrichment Environmental changes Freshwater & Marine Ecology Geomorphology Historic sites Karst Lakes Life Sciences Marine microorganisms Natural areas Nature reserves Nutrient enrichment Nutrients Phosphorus Phytoplankton Potential resources Restoration Seismic activity Shoals Streams Substrates Surveying Surveys Tourism Tourist activities Tourists Travel industry Waterfalls |
| title | Causes of aquatic ecosystem degradation related to tourism and the feasibility of restoration for karst nature reserves |
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