Managing Transport Processes in Thermal Cracking to Produce High-Quality Fuel from Extra-Heavy Waste Crude Oil Using a Semi-Batch Reactor
Soil pollution from waste crude oil in emergency pits is a major problem at petroleum industry sites. In this work, extra-heavy waste crude oil was recovered from emergency pits and underwent many pre-purification processes to remove water and impurities. This type of oil was subjected to thermal cr...
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description | Soil pollution from waste crude oil in emergency pits is a major problem at petroleum industry sites. In this work, extra-heavy waste crude oil was recovered from emergency pits and underwent many pre-purification processes to remove water and impurities. This type of oil was subjected to thermal cracking reactions in a semi-batch reactor constructed from stainless steel, with a volume of 500 mL. The cracking reactions were tested at operating temperatures of 400, 425, and 450 °C, with operating pressures of 1, 3, 5, and 7 bar. The results indicated that during thermal cracking, the reaction mechanism was highly dependent on the heat and mass transfer processes that occurred in the reactor. It was noted that the interaction between the optimal reaction temperature and operating pressure enhanced the product distribution and formation of high-quality liquid fuel with low gaseous and coke formations. The highest API of 30.5 was achieved for the liquid product at an operating temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 3 bar. Additionally, an evaluation of the thermal cracking mechanism found that the transport processes that occurred in the reactor were the chief factor in providing a high-performance thermal cracking process. |
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In this work, extra-heavy waste crude oil was recovered from emergency pits and underwent many pre-purification processes to remove water and impurities. This type of oil was subjected to thermal cracking reactions in a semi-batch reactor constructed from stainless steel, with a volume of 500 mL. The cracking reactions were tested at operating temperatures of 400, 425, and 450 °C, with operating pressures of 1, 3, 5, and 7 bar. The results indicated that during thermal cracking, the reaction mechanism was highly dependent on the heat and mass transfer processes that occurred in the reactor. It was noted that the interaction between the optimal reaction temperature and operating pressure enhanced the product distribution and formation of high-quality liquid fuel with low gaseous and coke formations. The highest API of 30.5 was achieved for the liquid product at an operating temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 3 bar. 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In this work, extra-heavy waste crude oil was recovered from emergency pits and underwent many pre-purification processes to remove water and impurities. This type of oil was subjected to thermal cracking reactions in a semi-batch reactor constructed from stainless steel, with a volume of 500 mL. The cracking reactions were tested at operating temperatures of 400, 425, and 450 °C, with operating pressures of 1, 3, 5, and 7 bar. The results indicated that during thermal cracking, the reaction mechanism was highly dependent on the heat and mass transfer processes that occurred in the reactor. It was noted that the interaction between the optimal reaction temperature and operating pressure enhanced the product distribution and formation of high-quality liquid fuel with low gaseous and coke formations. The highest API of 30.5 was achieved for the liquid product at an operating temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 3 bar. 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Hammoodi, Sally I. ; Majdi, Hasan Shakir ; Sukkar, Khalid A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c264t-1f045c94a73f42a6080a7c595107e0b2258e14c39022b4d8d6b6e916f35d607a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Catalytic cracking</topic><topic>Cracking (chemical engineering)</topic><topic>Crude oil</topic><topic>Free radicals</topic><topic>Fuel</topic><topic>Gases</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Impurities</topic><topic>Liquid fuels</topic><topic>Mass transfer</topic><topic>Oil</topic><topic>Oil wastes</topic><topic>Operating temperature</topic><topic>Pits</topic><topic>Quality management</topic><topic>Reaction mechanisms</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Stainless steel</topic><topic>Stainless steels</topic><topic>Steel construction</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Transport processes</topic><topic>Viscosity</topic><topic>Water purification</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Almukhtar, Riyadh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammoodi, Sally I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majdi, Hasan Shakir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sukkar, Khalid A.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Processes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Almukhtar, Riyadh</au><au>Hammoodi, Sally I.</au><au>Majdi, Hasan Shakir</au><au>Sukkar, Khalid A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Managing Transport Processes in Thermal Cracking to Produce High-Quality Fuel from Extra-Heavy Waste Crude Oil Using a Semi-Batch Reactor</atitle><jtitle>Processes</jtitle><date>2022-10-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2077</spage><pages>2077-</pages><issn>2227-9717</issn><eissn>2227-9717</eissn><abstract>Soil pollution from waste crude oil in emergency pits is a major problem at petroleum industry sites. In this work, extra-heavy waste crude oil was recovered from emergency pits and underwent many pre-purification processes to remove water and impurities. This type of oil was subjected to thermal cracking reactions in a semi-batch reactor constructed from stainless steel, with a volume of 500 mL. The cracking reactions were tested at operating temperatures of 400, 425, and 450 °C, with operating pressures of 1, 3, 5, and 7 bar. The results indicated that during thermal cracking, the reaction mechanism was highly dependent on the heat and mass transfer processes that occurred in the reactor. It was noted that the interaction between the optimal reaction temperature and operating pressure enhanced the product distribution and formation of high-quality liquid fuel with low gaseous and coke formations. The highest API of 30.5 was achieved for the liquid product at an operating temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 3 bar. 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subjects | Catalytic cracking Cracking (chemical engineering) Crude oil Free radicals Fuel Gases Hydrocarbons Impurities Liquid fuels Mass transfer Oil Oil wastes Operating temperature Pits Quality management Reaction mechanisms Soil pollution Stainless steel Stainless steels Steel construction Temperature Transport processes Viscosity Water purification |
title | Managing Transport Processes in Thermal Cracking to Produce High-Quality Fuel from Extra-Heavy Waste Crude Oil Using a Semi-Batch Reactor |
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