A review of performance enhancement of the shell and tube heat exchanger by using nanofluid

Shell and tube heat exchangers (STHE) are commonly used in many industrial applications, such as, cooling and heating, air conditioning systems, power production and the petroleum industry. Different types of Nanoparticles which are used to get better thermophysical Behavior of base fluids and heat exchanger effectiveness. This study includes two parts, experimental and numerical studies. Experimental studies are focusing on using different concentrations at 0.01% to 5% for various nanofluids. Results were showed that the use of ZnO/water nanofluid is the best performance, thermal conductivity (k), and efficiency (ε), while the lowest one is SiO2/water. Turbulent flow showed better results compared to the laminar flow in many studies. The shape of the nanomaterial affected the heat transfer properties. As compared to other shapes, the cylindrical shape performed better. On the other hand, the numerical studies were adopted ANSYS/FLUENT software to simulate the heat exchanger used in the research. The numerical simulations found that when using different concentrations of the nanofluids, where past studies has shown that there is a convergence between numerical and practical results and the comparison of numerical results with the empirical formulas was good as well.