Exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a diesel engine fueled with binary and ternary blends of diesel–palm oil biodiesel–diethyl ether for various injection timings

In this study, ten different blends were prepared with binary and ternary combinations of diesel, palm oil biodiesel (0 vol%, 15 vol%, 20 vol% and 30 vol%), and diethyl ether (0 vol%, 5 vol% and 10 vol%) and were tested in a diesel engine. The experiments were performed on various engine loads (500 W, 750 W, 1000 W and 1250 W) and various injection timings (25° CA bTDC, 30° CA bTDC and 35° CA bTDC) at a fixed crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm. The prepared blends were compared in terms of exergy and exergoeconomics. It may be said that exergy efficiency and specific exergy cost of work for blends improved with increasing injection timings at high engine loads. However, at low engine loads, these parameters worsened with increasing injection timings. As a result, at 500 W, relative exergy efficiency of D70PO20DE10 was 0.57 for 25° CA bTDC and 0.54 for 35° CA bTDC. However, at 1250 W, this value was 0.59 for 25° CA bTDC and 1.16 for 35° CA bTDC. Similarly, at 500 W, relative specific exergy cost of work for D70PO20DE10 was 5.29 for 25° CA bTDC and 5.94 for 35° CA bTDC. However, at 1250 W, this value was 5.31 for 25° CA bTDC and 2.66 for 35° CA bTDC. Finally, it can be concluded that neat diesel had the best results compared to all blends considered in this study in terms of exergy and exergoeconomics.