Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Sewage Sludge of Two Nigerian Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plants
Antibiotic residues in sewage sludge can present detrimental environmental effects due to sewage sludge application onto soils for agricultural purposes. Reports on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage sludge and risk assessment due to the application of sewage sludge onto soils are still limited...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2022-10, Vol.233 (10), Article 405 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 10 |
| container_start_page | |
| container_title | Water, air, and soil pollution |
| container_volume | 233 |
| creator | Ajibola, Akinranti S. Zwiener, Christian |
| description | Antibiotic residues in sewage sludge can present detrimental environmental effects due to sewage sludge application onto soils for agricultural purposes. Reports on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage sludge and risk assessment due to the application of sewage sludge onto soils are still limited in Africa. The occurrence of fourteen antibiotic residues in sewage sludge from two Nigerian hospital wastewater treatment plants was investigated. For the first time, the potential environmental risk of target antibiotics associated with the use of sewage sludge for application onto soils in Nigeria was assessed. Risk assessment was carried out using both terrestrial and aquatic toxicity data. All target antibiotics were detected in at least one sludge sample. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) had the highest concentrations, up to 674 ng g
−1
dry weight for ciprofloxacin. All ten antibiotics evaluated for terrestrial ecological risk in sludge-amended soils presented low risk. Only three out of thirteen antibiotics assessed for aquatic ecological risk in sludge-amended soils posed medium risk, while the remaining antibiotics presented low risk. Antibiotic mixtures presented low risk in sludge-amended soils. A more holistic evaluation of the potential risks due to a mixture of a wider scope of chemicals in Nigerian sewage sludge is recommended prior to application onto soils as fertilizers for agricultural purposes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11270-022-05875-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2719604482</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A720452902</galeid><sourcerecordid>A720452902</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-810b464c514cf205101c4947b39ea8348c56f443170da9bc1441747c58001d783</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kVFrFDEQx4MoeLb9Aj4FfN46yWY3m8ejqBWKLe1JH0MuO3uk7iVnJkcpfvmmPaEI0uRhIPx-M0P-jH0UcCoA9GcSQmpoQMoGukF3jXrDFqLTbSNNK9-yBYAyTW-0ec8-EN1BPWbQC_bn0vt9zhg9chdHfh3oF18SIdEWY-Fp4stYwjqkEjy_RgrjHomHyG_w3m2Q38z7sZbKre4T_xE2mIOL_DzRLhQ381tHpZIFM19ldOW569XsYqFj9m5yM-HJ33rEfn79sjo7by4uv30_W140vu2hNIOAteqV74Tyk4ROgPDKKL1uDbqhVYPv-kmpVmgYnVl7oZTQSvtuABCjHtoj9unQd5fT77p9sXdpn2MdaaUWpgelBvlCbdyMNsQplez8NpC3Sy1BddLAE3X6H6reEbfBp4hTqO__CPIg-JyIMk52l8PW5QcrwD5lZw_Z2Zqdfc7Oqiq1B4kqHOuXvmz8ivUIKuOaQQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2719604482</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Sewage Sludge of Two Nigerian Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plants</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Ajibola, Akinranti S. ; Zwiener, Christian</creator><creatorcontrib>Ajibola, Akinranti S. ; Zwiener, Christian</creatorcontrib><description>Antibiotic residues in sewage sludge can present detrimental environmental effects due to sewage sludge application onto soils for agricultural purposes. Reports on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage sludge and risk assessment due to the application of sewage sludge onto soils are still limited in Africa. The occurrence of fourteen antibiotic residues in sewage sludge from two Nigerian hospital wastewater treatment plants was investigated. For the first time, the potential environmental risk of target antibiotics associated with the use of sewage sludge for application onto soils in Nigeria was assessed. Risk assessment was carried out using both terrestrial and aquatic toxicity data. All target antibiotics were detected in at least one sludge sample. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) had the highest concentrations, up to 674 ng g
−1
dry weight for ciprofloxacin. All ten antibiotics evaluated for terrestrial ecological risk in sludge-amended soils presented low risk. Only three out of thirteen antibiotics assessed for aquatic ecological risk in sludge-amended soils posed medium risk, while the remaining antibiotics presented low risk. Antibiotic mixtures presented low risk in sludge-amended soils. A more holistic evaluation of the potential risks due to a mixture of a wider scope of chemicals in Nigerian sewage sludge is recommended prior to application onto soils as fertilizers for agricultural purposes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-6979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11270-022-05875-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Agrochemicals ; Antibiotics ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Ciprofloxacin ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Dry weight ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecological risk assessment ; Environment ; Environmental effects ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental risk ; Evaluation ; Fertilizers ; Fluoroquinolones ; Hospital wastes ; Hydrogeology ; Medical wastes ; Mixtures ; Ofloxacin ; Purification ; Residues ; Risk ; Risk assessment ; Sewage ; Sewage disposal ; Sewage sludge ; Sludge ; Soil ; Soil amendment ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Soils ; Target detection ; Tetracycline ; Tetracyclines ; Toxicity ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Water Quality/Water Pollution ; Water treatment ; Water treatment plants</subject><ispartof>Water, air, and soil pollution, 2022-10, Vol.233 (10), Article 405</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2022</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Springer</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-810b464c514cf205101c4947b39ea8348c56f443170da9bc1441747c58001d783</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-810b464c514cf205101c4947b39ea8348c56f443170da9bc1441747c58001d783</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1682-7697 ; 0000-0002-6682-5828</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-022-05875-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11270-022-05875-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ajibola, Akinranti S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zwiener, Christian</creatorcontrib><title>Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Sewage Sludge of Two Nigerian Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plants</title><title>Water, air, and soil pollution</title><addtitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</addtitle><description>Antibiotic residues in sewage sludge can present detrimental environmental effects due to sewage sludge application onto soils for agricultural purposes. Reports on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage sludge and risk assessment due to the application of sewage sludge onto soils are still limited in Africa. The occurrence of fourteen antibiotic residues in sewage sludge from two Nigerian hospital wastewater treatment plants was investigated. For the first time, the potential environmental risk of target antibiotics associated with the use of sewage sludge for application onto soils in Nigeria was assessed. Risk assessment was carried out using both terrestrial and aquatic toxicity data. All target antibiotics were detected in at least one sludge sample. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) had the highest concentrations, up to 674 ng g
−1
dry weight for ciprofloxacin. All ten antibiotics evaluated for terrestrial ecological risk in sludge-amended soils presented low risk. Only three out of thirteen antibiotics assessed for aquatic ecological risk in sludge-amended soils posed medium risk, while the remaining antibiotics presented low risk. Antibiotic mixtures presented low risk in sludge-amended soils. A more holistic evaluation of the potential risks due to a mixture of a wider scope of chemicals in Nigerian sewage sludge is recommended prior to application onto soils as fertilizers for agricultural purposes.</description><subject>Agrochemicals</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Ciprofloxacin</subject><subject>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</subject><subject>Dry weight</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecological risk assessment</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental effects</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental risk</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Fluoroquinolones</subject><subject>Hospital wastes</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Medical wastes</subject><subject>Mixtures</subject><subject>Ofloxacin</subject><subject>Purification</subject><subject>Residues</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Sewage</subject><subject>Sewage disposal</subject><subject>Sewage sludge</subject><subject>Sludge</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil amendment</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Target detection</subject><subject>Tetracycline</subject><subject>Tetracyclines</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment plants</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>Water treatment plants</subject><issn>0049-6979</issn><issn>1573-2932</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kVFrFDEQx4MoeLb9Aj4FfN46yWY3m8ejqBWKLe1JH0MuO3uk7iVnJkcpfvmmPaEI0uRhIPx-M0P-jH0UcCoA9GcSQmpoQMoGukF3jXrDFqLTbSNNK9-yBYAyTW-0ec8-EN1BPWbQC_bn0vt9zhg9chdHfh3oF18SIdEWY-Fp4stYwjqkEjy_RgrjHomHyG_w3m2Q38z7sZbKre4T_xE2mIOL_DzRLhQ381tHpZIFM19ldOW569XsYqFj9m5yM-HJ33rEfn79sjo7by4uv30_W140vu2hNIOAteqV74Tyk4ROgPDKKL1uDbqhVYPv-kmpVmgYnVl7oZTQSvtuABCjHtoj9unQd5fT77p9sXdpn2MdaaUWpgelBvlCbdyMNsQplez8NpC3Sy1BddLAE3X6H6reEbfBp4hTqO__CPIg-JyIMk52l8PW5QcrwD5lZw_Z2Zqdfc7Oqiq1B4kqHOuXvmz8ivUIKuOaQQ</recordid><startdate>20221001</startdate><enddate>20221001</enddate><creator>Ajibola, Akinranti S.</creator><creator>Zwiener, Christian</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-7697</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-5828</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20221001</creationdate><title>Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Sewage Sludge of Two Nigerian Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plants</title><author>Ajibola, Akinranti S. ; Zwiener, Christian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-810b464c514cf205101c4947b39ea8348c56f443170da9bc1441747c58001d783</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Agrochemicals</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Ciprofloxacin</topic><topic>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</topic><topic>Dry weight</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecological risk assessment</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental effects</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental risk</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Fluoroquinolones</topic><topic>Hospital wastes</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Medical wastes</topic><topic>Mixtures</topic><topic>Ofloxacin</topic><topic>Purification</topic><topic>Residues</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Sewage</topic><topic>Sewage disposal</topic><topic>Sewage sludge</topic><topic>Sludge</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil amendment</topic><topic>Soil Science & Conservation</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Target detection</topic><topic>Tetracycline</topic><topic>Tetracyclines</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment plants</topic><topic>Water Quality/Water Pollution</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>Water treatment plants</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ajibola, Akinranti S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zwiener, Christian</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ajibola, Akinranti S.</au><au>Zwiener, Christian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Sewage Sludge of Two Nigerian Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plants</atitle><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle><stitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</stitle><date>2022-10-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>233</volume><issue>10</issue><artnum>405</artnum><issn>0049-6979</issn><eissn>1573-2932</eissn><abstract>Antibiotic residues in sewage sludge can present detrimental environmental effects due to sewage sludge application onto soils for agricultural purposes. Reports on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage sludge and risk assessment due to the application of sewage sludge onto soils are still limited in Africa. The occurrence of fourteen antibiotic residues in sewage sludge from two Nigerian hospital wastewater treatment plants was investigated. For the first time, the potential environmental risk of target antibiotics associated with the use of sewage sludge for application onto soils in Nigeria was assessed. Risk assessment was carried out using both terrestrial and aquatic toxicity data. All target antibiotics were detected in at least one sludge sample. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) had the highest concentrations, up to 674 ng g
−1
dry weight for ciprofloxacin. All ten antibiotics evaluated for terrestrial ecological risk in sludge-amended soils presented low risk. Only three out of thirteen antibiotics assessed for aquatic ecological risk in sludge-amended soils posed medium risk, while the remaining antibiotics presented low risk. Antibiotic mixtures presented low risk in sludge-amended soils. A more holistic evaluation of the potential risks due to a mixture of a wider scope of chemicals in Nigerian sewage sludge is recommended prior to application onto soils as fertilizers for agricultural purposes.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s11270-022-05875-4</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-7697</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-5828</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0049-6979 |
| ispartof | Water, air, and soil pollution, 2022-10, Vol.233 (10), Article 405 |
| issn | 0049-6979 1573-2932 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2719604482 |
| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Agrochemicals Antibiotics Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Ciprofloxacin Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts Dry weight Earth and Environmental Science Ecological risk assessment Environment Environmental effects Environmental monitoring Environmental risk Evaluation Fertilizers Fluoroquinolones Hospital wastes Hydrogeology Medical wastes Mixtures Ofloxacin Purification Residues Risk Risk assessment Sewage Sewage disposal Sewage sludge Sludge Soil Soil amendment Soil Science & Conservation Soils Target detection Tetracycline Tetracyclines Toxicity Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment plants Water Quality/Water Pollution Water treatment Water treatment plants |
| title | Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Sewage Sludge of Two Nigerian Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-27T01%3A40%3A37IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Occurrence%20and%20Risk%20Assessment%20of%20Antibiotic%20Residues%20in%20Sewage%20Sludge%20of%20Two%20Nigerian%20Hospital%20Wastewater%20Treatment%20Plants&rft.jtitle=Water,%20air,%20and%20soil%20pollution&rft.au=Ajibola,%20Akinranti%20S.&rft.date=2022-10-01&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=10&rft.artnum=405&rft.issn=0049-6979&rft.eissn=1573-2932&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11270-022-05875-4&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA720452902%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2719604482&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_galeid=A720452902&rfr_iscdi=true |