Submagmatic flow to solid-state ductile deformation of the Karakoram Batholith, India: insights into syn-tectonic cooling and exhumation
Granitic magmatism is considered an essential mechanism for crustal recycling in the rapidly accreted crust. Mode of emplacement and ascent of granitic magma, together with the exhumation of granites, especially along plate margins, hold a vital clue to the Earth’s thermomechanical workings. The pre...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of earth sciences : Geologische Rundschau 2022-10, Vol.111 (7), p.2337-2352 |
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| creator | Bose, Subham Adlakha, Vikas Pundir, Shailendra |
| description | Granitic magmatism is considered an essential mechanism for crustal recycling in the rapidly accreted crust. Mode of emplacement and ascent of granitic magma, together with the exhumation of granites, especially along plate margins, hold a vital clue to the Earth’s thermomechanical workings. The present study investigates the role of ductile deformation in the exhumation of the granitic rocks of the Karakoram batholith (KB), north of the Shyok Suture Zone (SSZ), NW Trans-Himalaya. Textural and thermobarometric studies suggest that crystallization of the KB initiated at ~ 700–800 °C and ~ 4.2–7.5 kb. Microstructures of feldspar and quartz pertaining to temperatures > 700 °C together with the late crystallization of muscovite evince submagmatic flow. Muscovite-rich domains typically exhibit microstructures indicating temperatures |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00531-022-02236-8 |
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Mode of emplacement and ascent of granitic magma, together with the exhumation of granites, especially along plate margins, hold a vital clue to the Earth’s thermomechanical workings. The present study investigates the role of ductile deformation in the exhumation of the granitic rocks of the Karakoram batholith (KB), north of the Shyok Suture Zone (SSZ), NW Trans-Himalaya. Textural and thermobarometric studies suggest that crystallization of the KB initiated at ~ 700–800 °C and ~ 4.2–7.5 kb. Microstructures of feldspar and quartz pertaining to temperatures > 700 °C together with the late crystallization of muscovite evince submagmatic flow. Muscovite-rich domains typically exhibit microstructures indicating temperatures < 650 °C. Aligned mica, along with penetrative grain boundary migration and moderately strong crystallographic preferred orientation in quartz, represents the highest deformation intensity that probably prevailed during the initial stages of collision along the SSZ. On the other hand, randomly oriented muscovites that crystallized following peak deformation intensity occur exclusively in micro-domains with polygonal quartz grains. Phase transformation of micas to chlorite occurred at ~ 280–400 °C, during which deformation progressed by minor GBM at relatively slower rates. This study implies that submagmatic flow followed by subsolidus solid-state ductile deformation was significant in the exhumation of the granites from a depth of ~ 19–28 to ~ 5.5–9.5 km. 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Mode of emplacement and ascent of granitic magma, together with the exhumation of granites, especially along plate margins, hold a vital clue to the Earth’s thermomechanical workings. The present study investigates the role of ductile deformation in the exhumation of the granitic rocks of the Karakoram batholith (KB), north of the Shyok Suture Zone (SSZ), NW Trans-Himalaya. Textural and thermobarometric studies suggest that crystallization of the KB initiated at ~ 700–800 °C and ~ 4.2–7.5 kb. Microstructures of feldspar and quartz pertaining to temperatures > 700 °C together with the late crystallization of muscovite evince submagmatic flow. Muscovite-rich domains typically exhibit microstructures indicating temperatures < 650 °C. Aligned mica, along with penetrative grain boundary migration and moderately strong crystallographic preferred orientation in quartz, represents the highest deformation intensity that probably prevailed during the initial stages of collision along the SSZ. On the other hand, randomly oriented muscovites that crystallized following peak deformation intensity occur exclusively in micro-domains with polygonal quartz grains. Phase transformation of micas to chlorite occurred at ~ 280–400 °C, during which deformation progressed by minor GBM at relatively slower rates. This study implies that submagmatic flow followed by subsolidus solid-state ductile deformation was significant in the exhumation of the granites from a depth of ~ 19–28 to ~ 5.5–9.5 km. Temperature estimates, coupled with geochronological data, yield average cooling rates of ~ 11–18 °C/Ma from ~ 110–85 Ma that gradually decreased to ~ 1.8 °C/Ma after ~ 85 Ma.</description><subject>Batholiths</subject><subject>Chlorite</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cooling rate</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Crystallography</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Domains</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Feldspars</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geochronology</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Geophysics/Geodesy</subject><subject>Grain boundary migration</subject><subject>Granite</subject><subject>Lava</subject><subject>Magma</subject><subject>Mica</subject><subject>Micas</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Mineral Resources</subject><subject>Muscovite</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Phase transitions</subject><subject>Plate margins</subject><subject>Preferred orientation</subject><subject>Quartz</subject><subject>Sedimentology</subject><subject>Solid state</subject><subject>Structural Geology</subject><subject>Tectonics</subject><issn>1437-3254</issn><issn>1437-3262</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kM1OwzAQhCMEEqXwApwscSWw_ksCN6j4qajEAThbTmI3KaldbEfQN-CxcQiCG4fVjlbfzEqTJMcYzjBAfu4BOMUpEDIMzdJiJ5lgRvOUkozs_mrO9pMD71cAwwFPks-nvlzL5VqGtkK6s-8oWORt19apDzIoVPdVaLu4lbZuwKxBVqPQKPQgnXy1Tq7RtQxN9ITmFM1N3cpL1BrfLpvgoxgCtyYNqgrWxC-VjahZImlqpD6afgw9TPa07Lw6-tnT5OX25nl2ny4e7-azq0UqSU5CWukipwwASoahZlgDj5KoXGVMKch4DhyXVZnpknPCappJ4BXBRZ5poMDoNDkZczfOvvXKB7GyvTPxpSA5Jjxj5AIiRUaqctZ7p7TYuHYt3VZgEEPjYmxcxLbFd-OiiCY6mnyEzVK5v-h_XF9kYYTO</recordid><startdate>202210</startdate><enddate>202210</enddate><creator>Bose, Subham</creator><creator>Adlakha, Vikas</creator><creator>Pundir, Shailendra</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-6249</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202210</creationdate><title>Submagmatic flow to solid-state ductile deformation of the Karakoram Batholith, India: insights into syn-tectonic cooling and exhumation</title><author>Bose, Subham ; Adlakha, Vikas ; Pundir, Shailendra</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a272t-cf8734000b410d41f050b42e7e64ee0657051bcb6fb5524d36a05c21876f03043</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Batholiths</topic><topic>Chlorite</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Cooling rate</topic><topic>Crystallization</topic><topic>Crystallography</topic><topic>Deformation</topic><topic>Domains</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Feldspars</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geochronology</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Geophysics/Geodesy</topic><topic>Grain boundary migration</topic><topic>Granite</topic><topic>Lava</topic><topic>Magma</topic><topic>Mica</topic><topic>Micas</topic><topic>Microstructure</topic><topic>Mineral Resources</topic><topic>Muscovite</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Phase transitions</topic><topic>Plate margins</topic><topic>Preferred orientation</topic><topic>Quartz</topic><topic>Sedimentology</topic><topic>Solid state</topic><topic>Structural Geology</topic><topic>Tectonics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bose, Subham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adlakha, Vikas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pundir, Shailendra</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>International journal of earth sciences : Geologische Rundschau</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bose, Subham</au><au>Adlakha, Vikas</au><au>Pundir, Shailendra</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Submagmatic flow to solid-state ductile deformation of the Karakoram Batholith, India: insights into syn-tectonic cooling and exhumation</atitle><jtitle>International journal of earth sciences : Geologische Rundschau</jtitle><stitle>Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)</stitle><date>2022-10</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>111</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>2337</spage><epage>2352</epage><pages>2337-2352</pages><issn>1437-3254</issn><eissn>1437-3262</eissn><abstract>Granitic magmatism is considered an essential mechanism for crustal recycling in the rapidly accreted crust. Mode of emplacement and ascent of granitic magma, together with the exhumation of granites, especially along plate margins, hold a vital clue to the Earth’s thermomechanical workings. The present study investigates the role of ductile deformation in the exhumation of the granitic rocks of the Karakoram batholith (KB), north of the Shyok Suture Zone (SSZ), NW Trans-Himalaya. Textural and thermobarometric studies suggest that crystallization of the KB initiated at ~ 700–800 °C and ~ 4.2–7.5 kb. Microstructures of feldspar and quartz pertaining to temperatures > 700 °C together with the late crystallization of muscovite evince submagmatic flow. Muscovite-rich domains typically exhibit microstructures indicating temperatures < 650 °C. Aligned mica, along with penetrative grain boundary migration and moderately strong crystallographic preferred orientation in quartz, represents the highest deformation intensity that probably prevailed during the initial stages of collision along the SSZ. On the other hand, randomly oriented muscovites that crystallized following peak deformation intensity occur exclusively in micro-domains with polygonal quartz grains. Phase transformation of micas to chlorite occurred at ~ 280–400 °C, during which deformation progressed by minor GBM at relatively slower rates. This study implies that submagmatic flow followed by subsolidus solid-state ductile deformation was significant in the exhumation of the granites from a depth of ~ 19–28 to ~ 5.5–9.5 km. Temperature estimates, coupled with geochronological data, yield average cooling rates of ~ 11–18 °C/Ma from ~ 110–85 Ma that gradually decreased to ~ 1.8 °C/Ma after ~ 85 Ma.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00531-022-02236-8</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-6249</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Batholiths Chlorite Cooling Cooling rate Crystallization Crystallography Deformation Domains Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Feldspars Geochemistry Geochronology Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Grain boundary migration Granite Lava Magma Mica Micas Microstructure Mineral Resources Muscovite Original Paper Phase transitions Plate margins Preferred orientation Quartz Sedimentology Solid state Structural Geology Tectonics |
| title | Submagmatic flow to solid-state ductile deformation of the Karakoram Batholith, India: insights into syn-tectonic cooling and exhumation |
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