Development of Vegetable Oil-Based Greases for Extreme Pressure Applications: An Integration of Non-toxic, Eco-Friendly Ingredients for Enhanced Performance
Several permutations and combinations of the ingredients have been tried to develop eco-friendly alternatives to conventional mineral/petroleum oil-based greases; however, a potential solution is not yet reached. Surprisingly, the incorporation of environmentally benign additives and their synergy w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tribology letters 2022-12, Vol.70 (4), Article 108 |
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| creator | Saxena, Ankit Kumar, Deepak Tandon, Naresh Kaur, Tejinder Singh, Neetu |
| description | Several permutations and combinations of the ingredients have been tried to develop eco-friendly alternatives to conventional mineral/petroleum oil-based greases; however, a potential solution is not yet reached. Surprisingly, the incorporation of environmentally benign additives and their synergy with the greases was least explored in this area. The present study explores a maiden effort to enhance the extreme pressure (EP) characteristics of eco-friendly greases (based on vegetable oil and organoclay) using calcium carbonate (CaCO
3
) nanoparticles as an additive. The developed nano-greases displayed an improved EP behavior (as per ASTM standards) at all concentrations of the nanoparticles (0.1–4% w/w), and the performance ameliorates with increasing concentration (up to 60% increment achieved). The enhanced performance is attributed to the calcination of nano-CaCO
3
into nano-CaO under extreme conditions. The worn surfaces revealed the formation of a more robust (high melting point, low shear strength, rapidly formed, and tribosintered) tribofilm incorporating the organoclay and the nano-CaO. The formulated greases also demonstrated biocompatible behavior toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) in MTT and Live-dead cell assays.
Graphical Abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11249-022-01651-x |
| format | Article |
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3
) nanoparticles as an additive. The developed nano-greases displayed an improved EP behavior (as per ASTM standards) at all concentrations of the nanoparticles (0.1–4% w/w), and the performance ameliorates with increasing concentration (up to 60% increment achieved). The enhanced performance is attributed to the calcination of nano-CaCO
3
into nano-CaO under extreme conditions. The worn surfaces revealed the formation of a more robust (high melting point, low shear strength, rapidly formed, and tribosintered) tribofilm incorporating the organoclay and the nano-CaO. The formulated greases also demonstrated biocompatible behavior toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) in MTT and Live-dead cell assays.
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3
) nanoparticles as an additive. The developed nano-greases displayed an improved EP behavior (as per ASTM standards) at all concentrations of the nanoparticles (0.1–4% w/w), and the performance ameliorates with increasing concentration (up to 60% increment achieved). The enhanced performance is attributed to the calcination of nano-CaCO
3
into nano-CaO under extreme conditions. The worn surfaces revealed the formation of a more robust (high melting point, low shear strength, rapidly formed, and tribosintered) tribofilm incorporating the organoclay and the nano-CaO. The formulated greases also demonstrated biocompatible behavior toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) in MTT and Live-dead cell assays.
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Calcium carbonate</subject><subject>Calcium oxide</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Combinations (mathematics)</subject><subject>Corrosion and Coatings</subject><subject>Crude oil</subject><subject>Greases</subject><subject>Ingredients</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Melting points</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Performance enhancement</subject><subject>Permutations</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Shear strength</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Theoretical and Applied Mechanics</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><subject>Tribology</subject><subject>Vegetable oils</subject><issn>1023-8883</issn><issn>1573-2711</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1O6zAQhSN0keACL8DKElsMnjjGDrteKD8SAhbA1nKcSQlK7WC7qH0XHhaXIt0dq_GxzndGmlMUh8BOgDF5GgHKqqasLCmDMwF0uVXsgpCclhLgT36zklOlFN8p_sb4xljGlNgtPi_xAwc_ztEl4jvygjNMphmQPPQD_WcituQ6YJ6RdD6Q6TIFnCN5DBjjIiCZjOPQW5N67-I5mThy6xLOwvfHOvDeO5r8srfHZGo9vQo9unZYZdssYJtF-gl2r8bZvO0RQ9bztdgvtjszRDz4mXvF89X06eKG3j1c315M7qjlUCcKUMtK2Uag7IRsTFtCzUshWmVBiM6g5UpKqADapumaxkiDleysqqoaeFvxveJokzsG_77AmPSbXwSXV-r1-c4yrkR2lRuXDT7GgJ0eQz83YaWB6XULetOCzi3o7xb0MkN8A8VsdjMM_6N_ob4AyzKNQA</recordid><startdate>20221201</startdate><enddate>20221201</enddate><creator>Saxena, Ankit</creator><creator>Kumar, Deepak</creator><creator>Tandon, Naresh</creator><creator>Kaur, Tejinder</creator><creator>Singh, Neetu</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221201</creationdate><title>Development of Vegetable Oil-Based Greases for Extreme Pressure Applications: An Integration of Non-toxic, Eco-Friendly Ingredients for Enhanced Performance</title><author>Saxena, Ankit ; Kumar, Deepak ; Tandon, Naresh ; Kaur, Tejinder ; Singh, Neetu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-119748cb5e7f57bad2193255d8c155faec38771411dbbfbba7ae47fc844913d43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Calcium carbonate</topic><topic>Calcium oxide</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Combinations (mathematics)</topic><topic>Corrosion and Coatings</topic><topic>Crude oil</topic><topic>Greases</topic><topic>Ingredients</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Melting points</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Performance enhancement</topic><topic>Permutations</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Shear strength</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Theoretical and Applied Mechanics</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><topic>Tribology</topic><topic>Vegetable oils</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Saxena, Ankit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Deepak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tandon, Naresh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaur, Tejinder</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Neetu</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><jtitle>Tribology letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Saxena, Ankit</au><au>Kumar, Deepak</au><au>Tandon, Naresh</au><au>Kaur, Tejinder</au><au>Singh, Neetu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of Vegetable Oil-Based Greases for Extreme Pressure Applications: An Integration of Non-toxic, Eco-Friendly Ingredients for Enhanced Performance</atitle><jtitle>Tribology letters</jtitle><stitle>Tribol Lett</stitle><date>2022-12-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>4</issue><artnum>108</artnum><issn>1023-8883</issn><eissn>1573-2711</eissn><abstract>Several permutations and combinations of the ingredients have been tried to develop eco-friendly alternatives to conventional mineral/petroleum oil-based greases; however, a potential solution is not yet reached. Surprisingly, the incorporation of environmentally benign additives and their synergy with the greases was least explored in this area. The present study explores a maiden effort to enhance the extreme pressure (EP) characteristics of eco-friendly greases (based on vegetable oil and organoclay) using calcium carbonate (CaCO
3
) nanoparticles as an additive. The developed nano-greases displayed an improved EP behavior (as per ASTM standards) at all concentrations of the nanoparticles (0.1–4% w/w), and the performance ameliorates with increasing concentration (up to 60% increment achieved). The enhanced performance is attributed to the calcination of nano-CaCO
3
into nano-CaO under extreme conditions. The worn surfaces revealed the formation of a more robust (high melting point, low shear strength, rapidly formed, and tribosintered) tribofilm incorporating the organoclay and the nano-CaO. The formulated greases also demonstrated biocompatible behavior toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) in MTT and Live-dead cell assays.
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| subjects | Additives Biocompatibility Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide Chemistry and Materials Science Combinations (mathematics) Corrosion and Coatings Crude oil Greases Ingredients Materials Science Melting points Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Original Paper Performance enhancement Permutations Physical Chemistry Shear strength Surfaces and Interfaces Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Thin Films Tribology Vegetable oils |
| title | Development of Vegetable Oil-Based Greases for Extreme Pressure Applications: An Integration of Non-toxic, Eco-Friendly Ingredients for Enhanced Performance |
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