Study on Comparing the Performance of Fully Automated Container Terminals during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Major ports worldwide suffered from various problems such as labor shortage, port congestion, and global supply chain disruptions during COVID-19. To ensure stable operations of ports in such scenarios, one option is to adopt fully automated terminals. This study aimed at evaluating the performance...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2022-08, Vol.14 (15), p.9415 |
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description | Major ports worldwide suffered from various problems such as labor shortage, port congestion, and global supply chain disruptions during COVID-19. To ensure stable operations of ports in such scenarios, one option is to adopt fully automated terminals. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of fully automated terminals compared with that of non-fully automated ones during the disrupted logistics due to coronavirus. Four ports that simultaneously operate both fully and non-fully automated terminals were selected. The performance of the target terminals was measured based on quantitative factors: throughput, number of ship arrivals, and berthing time. The results showed that the fully automated container terminals present better operational performance than the non-fully automated terminals. The former achieved large increments in the throughput, small decreases in the berthing time per ship, and increases in the number of ship arrivals. Moreover, there were economic benefits, revealing that the total terminal profit at the fully automated terminals was significantly increased, whereas that at the non-fully automated ones decreased based on berthing times. Therefore, fully automated terminals can be considered as alternatives for responding flexibly and stably during crises such as COVID-19. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su14159415 |
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To ensure stable operations of ports in such scenarios, one option is to adopt fully automated terminals. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of fully automated terminals compared with that of non-fully automated ones during the disrupted logistics due to coronavirus. Four ports that simultaneously operate both fully and non-fully automated terminals were selected. The performance of the target terminals was measured based on quantitative factors: throughput, number of ship arrivals, and berthing time. The results showed that the fully automated container terminals present better operational performance than the non-fully automated terminals. The former achieved large increments in the throughput, small decreases in the berthing time per ship, and increases in the number of ship arrivals. Moreover, there were economic benefits, revealing that the total terminal profit at the fully automated terminals was significantly increased, whereas that at the non-fully automated ones decreased based on berthing times. Therefore, fully automated terminals can be considered as alternatives for responding flexibly and stably during crises such as COVID-19.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su14159415</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Arrivals ; Automation ; Berthing ; Containers ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Labor shortages ; Logistics ; Ship terminals ; Ships ; Supply chains ; Sustainability</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2022-08, Vol.14 (15), p.9415</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Moreover, there were economic benefits, revealing that the total terminal profit at the fully automated terminals was significantly increased, whereas that at the non-fully automated ones decreased based on berthing times. Therefore, fully automated terminals can be considered as alternatives for responding flexibly and stably during crises such as COVID-19.</description><subject>Arrivals</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Berthing</subject><subject>Containers</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Labor shortages</subject><subject>Logistics</subject><subject>Ship terminals</subject><subject>Ships</subject><subject>Supply chains</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkE9LAzEQxYMoWGovfoKAN2E12Ww2m2NZrRYKLVi9LtnNRLd0k5o_h357tyjqwDBz-L3hzUPompI7xiS5D4kWlMuxz9AkJ4JmlHBy_m-_RLMQdmQsxqik5QSZl5j0ETuLazcclO_tO44fgDfgjfODsh1gZ_Ai7fdHPE_RDSqCHmEbVW_B4y34obdqH7BOv-p6_bZ8yKjEG2U1DH13hS7MyMDsZ07R6-JxWz9nq_XTsp6vsi6XPGaSsKKqmCBFW5HxD2WYKhkzkoOWVOiqqFqpKck7WrYaWq50CaZjVNMChOJsim6-7x68-0wQYrNzyZ_sNbkgRFSMi2Kkbr-pzrsQPJjm4PtB-WNDSXOKsvmLkn0BWLJlDA</recordid><startdate>20220801</startdate><enddate>20220801</enddate><creator>Kim, Bokyung</creator><creator>Kim, Geunsub</creator><creator>Kang, Moohong</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-4669</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220801</creationdate><title>Study on Comparing the Performance of Fully Automated Container Terminals during the COVID-19 Pandemic</title><author>Kim, Bokyung ; Kim, Geunsub ; Kang, Moohong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-9034883704b80415af3a633f95ed917d848b9d102c16bdeb5ad6efc31d14e7a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Arrivals</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Berthing</topic><topic>Containers</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Labor shortages</topic><topic>Logistics</topic><topic>Ship terminals</topic><topic>Ships</topic><topic>Supply chains</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Bokyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Geunsub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Moohong</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Bokyung</au><au>Kim, Geunsub</au><au>Kang, Moohong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Study on Comparing the Performance of Fully Automated Container Terminals during the COVID-19 Pandemic</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2022-08-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>9415</spage><pages>9415-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>Major ports worldwide suffered from various problems such as labor shortage, port congestion, and global supply chain disruptions during COVID-19. To ensure stable operations of ports in such scenarios, one option is to adopt fully automated terminals. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of fully automated terminals compared with that of non-fully automated ones during the disrupted logistics due to coronavirus. Four ports that simultaneously operate both fully and non-fully automated terminals were selected. The performance of the target terminals was measured based on quantitative factors: throughput, number of ship arrivals, and berthing time. The results showed that the fully automated container terminals present better operational performance than the non-fully automated terminals. The former achieved large increments in the throughput, small decreases in the berthing time per ship, and increases in the number of ship arrivals. 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subjects | Arrivals Automation Berthing Containers Coronaviruses COVID-19 Labor shortages Logistics Ship terminals Ships Supply chains Sustainability |
title | Study on Comparing the Performance of Fully Automated Container Terminals during the COVID-19 Pandemic |
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