Facile bio-fabrication of Pd-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles and its performance in catalytic and pharmaceutical applications: Hydrogen production and in-vitro antibacterial, anticancer activities, and model development

[Display omitted] •Pd-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the green method.•The hydrogen production performance of Pd-Ag NPs was evaluated and the TOF value was found to be 1387.29 h−1.•Pd-Ag NPs showed high toxic effects against MDA-MB-231, ISH, and HeLa cancer cells.•Pd-Ag NPs have high antibacterial activity against S. aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis and E. coli bacteria.•Pd-Ag NPs have the potential for use in medicine, industry, and the environment. The production of nanoparticles by the biosynthesis method attracts great attention due to their environmentally friendly structure and biocompatibility. In this study, a green method for the synthesis of Palladium-Silver nanoparticles (Pd-Ag NPs) using the extract of Nigella sativa seeds is reported. Pd-Ag NPs obtained by the green synthesis method were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–vis spectrometry, and X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Pd-Ag NPs were seen to have a spherical structure in the TEM analysis image and the average particle size was found to be 6.80 nm. In addition, the anticancer and antibacterial activities of Pd-Ag NPs synthesized by the green synthesis method were investigated. Pd-Ag NPs had lethality of 69.26%, 52.28%, 76.90%, and 57.49% respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli bacteria at 200 μg/mL. Besides, the antibacterial activity of Pd-Ag NPs against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and MRSA bacteria was developed by the Neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) model. The minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ​​of Pd-Ag NPs against human breast cancer cells, human endometrial carcinoma cells, and human cervical cancer cell lines were determined as 12.4384 ± 0.39 μg/mL, 13.5043 ± 0.539 μg/mL, 17.7172 ± 0.782 μg/mL, respectively. The catalytic activity of Pd-Ag NPs was investigated by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis. Enthalpy, entropy, turner of frequency (TOF), and activation energy values ​​were calculated as 24.51 kJ/mol, −183.15 J/mol.K, 1387.29 h−1, 27.01 kJ/mol, respectively. In the light of the obtained results, it promises that Pd-Ag NPs may play a therapeutic role in complications related to cancer and bacterial infections. The use of Pd-Ag NPs as catalysts will contribute to the development and application of new nano-catalysts to reduce environmental pollution.