Clinical course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies - the Polish experience
The aim of this study was to report the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in Poland. A major concern for neurologists worldwide is the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with MS treated w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska 2021-01, Vol.55 (2), p.212-222 |
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| creator | Czarnowska, Agata Brola, Waldemar Zajkowska, Olga Rusek, Stanisław Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika Kubicka-Bączyk, Katarzyna Kalinowska-Łyszczarz, Alicja Kania, Karolina Słowik, Agnieszka Wnuk, Marcin Marona, Monika Podlecka-Piętowska, Aleksandra Nojszewska, Monika Zakrzewska-Pniewska, Beata Jasińska, Elżbieta Gołuch, Katarzyna Lech, Beata Noga, Magdalena Perenc, Adam Popiel, Małgorzata Lasek-Bal, Anetta Puz, Przemysław Maciejowska, Katarzyna Kucharska-Lipowska, Marta Lipowski, Michał Kapica-Topczewska, Katarzyna Chorąży, Monika Tarasiuk, Joanna Kochanowicz, Jan Kulikowska, Joanna Wawrzyniak, Sławomir Niezgodzińska-Maciejek, Anna Pokryszko-Dragan, Anna Gruszka, Ewa Budrewicz, Sławomir Białek, Marta Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Iwona Kurowska, Katarzyna Stępień, Adam Włodek, Agata Ptasznik, Violetta Pawełczyk, Małgorzata Sobolewski, Piotr Lejmel, Henryka Strzalińska, Katarzyna Maciejowski, Maciej Tutaj, Andrzej Zwiernik, Jacek Litwin, Anna Lewańczyk, Bożena Paprocka, Izabela Zwiernik, Beata Pawlos, Aleksandra Borysowicz, Andrzej Narożnik, Anna Michałowska, Anna Nosek, Krzysztof Fudala, Małgorzata Milewska-Jędrzejczak, Marta Kułakowska, Alina Bartosik-Psujek, Halina |
| description | The aim of this study was to report the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in Poland. A major concern for neurologists worldwide is the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with MS treated with different DMTs. Although initial studies do not suggest an unfavourable course of infection in this group of patients, the data is limited.
This study included 396 MS patients treated with DMTs and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 28 Polish MS centres. Information concerning patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course of MS, current DMT use, as well as symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, need for pharmacotherapy, oxygen therapy, and/or hospitalisation, and short-term outcomes was collected up to 30 January 2021. Additional data about COVID-19 cases in the general population in Poland was obtained from official reports of the Polish Ministry of Health.
There were 114 males (28.8%) and 282 females (71.2%). The median age was 39 years (IQR 13). The great majority of patients with MS exhibited relapsing-remitting course (372 patients; 93.9%). The median EDSS was 2 (SD 1.38), and the mean disease duration was 8.95 (IQR 8) years. Most of the MS patients were treated with dimethyl fumarate (164; 41.41%). Other DMTs were less frequently used: interferon beta (82; 20.70%), glatiramer acetate (42; 10.60%), natalizumab (35;8.84%), teriflunomide (25; 6.31%), ocrelizumab (20; 5.05%), fingolimod (16; 4.04), cladribine (5; 1.26%), mitoxantrone (3; 0.76%), ozanimod (3; 0.76%), and alemtuzumab (1; 0.25%). The overall hospitalisation rate due to COVID-19 in the cohort was 6.81% (27 patients). Only one patient (0.3%) died due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and three (0.76%) patients were treated with mechanical ventilation; 106 (26.8%) patients had at least one comorbid condition. There were no significant differences in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding patient age, duration of the disease, degree of disability (EDSS), lymphocyte count, or type of DMT used.
Most MS patients included in this study had a favourable course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hospitalisation rate and the mortality rate were not higher in the MS cohort compared to the general Polish population. Continued multicentre data collection is needed to increase the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on the course of MS in patients treated with DMTs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5603/PJNNS.a2021.0031 |
| format | Article |
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This study included 396 MS patients treated with DMTs and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 28 Polish MS centres. Information concerning patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course of MS, current DMT use, as well as symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, need for pharmacotherapy, oxygen therapy, and/or hospitalisation, and short-term outcomes was collected up to 30 January 2021. Additional data about COVID-19 cases in the general population in Poland was obtained from official reports of the Polish Ministry of Health.
There were 114 males (28.8%) and 282 females (71.2%). The median age was 39 years (IQR 13). The great majority of patients with MS exhibited relapsing-remitting course (372 patients; 93.9%). The median EDSS was 2 (SD 1.38), and the mean disease duration was 8.95 (IQR 8) years. Most of the MS patients were treated with dimethyl fumarate (164; 41.41%). Other DMTs were less frequently used: interferon beta (82; 20.70%), glatiramer acetate (42; 10.60%), natalizumab (35;8.84%), teriflunomide (25; 6.31%), ocrelizumab (20; 5.05%), fingolimod (16; 4.04), cladribine (5; 1.26%), mitoxantrone (3; 0.76%), ozanimod (3; 0.76%), and alemtuzumab (1; 0.25%). The overall hospitalisation rate due to COVID-19 in the cohort was 6.81% (27 patients). Only one patient (0.3%) died due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and three (0.76%) patients were treated with mechanical ventilation; 106 (26.8%) patients had at least one comorbid condition. There were no significant differences in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding patient age, duration of the disease, degree of disability (EDSS), lymphocyte count, or type of DMT used.
Most MS patients included in this study had a favourable course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hospitalisation rate and the mortality rate were not higher in the MS cohort compared to the general Polish population. Continued multicentre data collection is needed to increase the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on the course of MS in patients treated with DMTs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-3843</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1897-4260</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2021.0031</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33856686</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Poland: Wydawnictwo Via Medica</publisher><subject>Adult ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Infections ; Male ; Multiple sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ; Patients ; Poland - epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><ispartof>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska, 2021-01, Vol.55 (2), p.212-222</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c369t-347e0db6d6c3eecc63ef651311800ff83e0ae190aba7f02e97c4c7deb87589fc3</citedby><orcidid>0000-0003-2920-1271 ; 0000-0001-6520-1303 ; 0000-0002-7955-3454</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33856686$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Czarnowska, Agata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brola, Waldemar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zajkowska, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rusek, Stanisław</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubicka-Bączyk, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalinowska-Łyszczarz, Alicja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kania, Karolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Słowik, Agnieszka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wnuk, Marcin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marona, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podlecka-Piętowska, Aleksandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nojszewska, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zakrzewska-Pniewska, Beata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jasińska, Elżbieta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gołuch, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lech, Beata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noga, Magdalena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perenc, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Popiel, Małgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lasek-Bal, Anetta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puz, Przemysław</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maciejowska, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kucharska-Lipowska, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lipowski, Michał</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kapica-Topczewska, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chorąży, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarasiuk, Joanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kochanowicz, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kulikowska, Joanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wawrzyniak, Sławomir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niezgodzińska-Maciejek, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pokryszko-Dragan, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gruszka, Ewa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Budrewicz, Sławomir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Białek, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Iwona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurowska, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stępień, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Włodek, Agata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ptasznik, Violetta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pawełczyk, Małgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sobolewski, Piotr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lejmel, Henryka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strzalińska, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maciejowski, Maciej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tutaj, Andrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zwiernik, Jacek</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Litwin, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewańczyk, Bożena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paprocka, Izabela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zwiernik, Beata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pawlos, Aleksandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borysowicz, Andrzej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Narożnik, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michałowska, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nosek, Krzysztof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fudala, Małgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milewska-Jędrzejczak, Marta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kułakowska, Alina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartosik-Psujek, Halina</creatorcontrib><title>Clinical course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies - the Polish experience</title><title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</title><addtitle>Neurol Neurochir Pol</addtitle><description>The aim of this study was to report the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in Poland. A major concern for neurologists worldwide is the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with MS treated with different DMTs. Although initial studies do not suggest an unfavourable course of infection in this group of patients, the data is limited.
This study included 396 MS patients treated with DMTs and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 28 Polish MS centres. Information concerning patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course of MS, current DMT use, as well as symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, need for pharmacotherapy, oxygen therapy, and/or hospitalisation, and short-term outcomes was collected up to 30 January 2021. Additional data about COVID-19 cases in the general population in Poland was obtained from official reports of the Polish Ministry of Health.
There were 114 males (28.8%) and 282 females (71.2%). The median age was 39 years (IQR 13). The great majority of patients with MS exhibited relapsing-remitting course (372 patients; 93.9%). The median EDSS was 2 (SD 1.38), and the mean disease duration was 8.95 (IQR 8) years. Most of the MS patients were treated with dimethyl fumarate (164; 41.41%). Other DMTs were less frequently used: interferon beta (82; 20.70%), glatiramer acetate (42; 10.60%), natalizumab (35;8.84%), teriflunomide (25; 6.31%), ocrelizumab (20; 5.05%), fingolimod (16; 4.04), cladribine (5; 1.26%), mitoxantrone (3; 0.76%), ozanimod (3; 0.76%), and alemtuzumab (1; 0.25%). The overall hospitalisation rate due to COVID-19 in the cohort was 6.81% (27 patients). Only one patient (0.3%) died due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and three (0.76%) patients were treated with mechanical ventilation; 106 (26.8%) patients had at least one comorbid condition. There were no significant differences in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding patient age, duration of the disease, degree of disability (EDSS), lymphocyte count, or type of DMT used.
Most MS patients included in this study had a favourable course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hospitalisation rate and the mortality rate were not higher in the MS cohort compared to the general Polish population. Continued multicentre data collection is needed to increase the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on the course of MS in patients treated with DMTs.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunologic Factors</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Poland - epidemiology</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 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sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies - the Polish experience</title><author>Czarnowska, Agata ; Brola, Waldemar ; Zajkowska, Olga ; Rusek, Stanisław ; Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika ; Kubicka-Bączyk, Katarzyna ; Kalinowska-Łyszczarz, Alicja ; Kania, Karolina ; Słowik, Agnieszka ; Wnuk, Marcin ; Marona, Monika ; Podlecka-Piętowska, Aleksandra ; Nojszewska, Monika ; Zakrzewska-Pniewska, Beata ; Jasińska, Elżbieta ; Gołuch, Katarzyna ; Lech, Beata ; Noga, Magdalena ; Perenc, Adam ; Popiel, Małgorzata ; Lasek-Bal, Anetta ; Puz, Przemysław ; Maciejowska, Katarzyna ; Kucharska-Lipowska, Marta ; Lipowski, Michał ; Kapica-Topczewska, Katarzyna ; Chorąży, Monika ; Tarasiuk, Joanna ; Kochanowicz, Jan ; Kulikowska, Joanna ; Wawrzyniak, Sławomir ; Niezgodzińska-Maciejek, Anna ; Pokryszko-Dragan, Anna ; Gruszka, Ewa ; Budrewicz, Sławomir ; Białek, Marta ; Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Iwona ; Kurowska, Katarzyna ; Stępień, Adam ; Włodek, Agata ; Ptasznik, Violetta ; Pawełczyk, Małgorzata ; Sobolewski, Piotr ; Lejmel, Henryka ; Strzalińska, Katarzyna ; Maciejowski, Maciej ; Tutaj, Andrzej ; Zwiernik, Jacek ; Litwin, Anna ; Lewańczyk, Bożena ; Paprocka, Izabela ; Zwiernik, Beata ; Pawlos, Aleksandra ; Borysowicz, Andrzej ; Narożnik, Anna ; Michałowska, Anna ; Nosek, Krzysztof ; Fudala, Małgorzata ; Milewska-Jędrzejczak, Marta ; Kułakowska, Alina ; Bartosik-Psujek, Halina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c369t-347e0db6d6c3eecc63ef651311800ff83e0ae190aba7f02e97c4c7deb87589fc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunologic Factors</topic><topic>Immunosuppressive Agents</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Poland - epidemiology</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Czarnowska, Agata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brola, Waldemar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zajkowska, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rusek, Stanisław</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubicka-Bączyk, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalinowska-Łyszczarz, Alicja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kania, Karolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Słowik, Agnieszka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wnuk, Marcin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marona, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podlecka-Piętowska, Aleksandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nojszewska, 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Magdalena</au><au>Perenc, Adam</au><au>Popiel, Małgorzata</au><au>Lasek-Bal, Anetta</au><au>Puz, Przemysław</au><au>Maciejowska, Katarzyna</au><au>Kucharska-Lipowska, Marta</au><au>Lipowski, Michał</au><au>Kapica-Topczewska, Katarzyna</au><au>Chorąży, Monika</au><au>Tarasiuk, Joanna</au><au>Kochanowicz, Jan</au><au>Kulikowska, Joanna</au><au>Wawrzyniak, Sławomir</au><au>Niezgodzińska-Maciejek, Anna</au><au>Pokryszko-Dragan, Anna</au><au>Gruszka, Ewa</au><au>Budrewicz, Sławomir</au><au>Białek, Marta</au><au>Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Iwona</au><au>Kurowska, Katarzyna</au><au>Stępień, Adam</au><au>Włodek, Agata</au><au>Ptasznik, Violetta</au><au>Pawełczyk, Małgorzata</au><au>Sobolewski, Piotr</au><au>Lejmel, Henryka</au><au>Strzalińska, Katarzyna</au><au>Maciejowski, Maciej</au><au>Tutaj, Andrzej</au><au>Zwiernik, Jacek</au><au>Litwin, Anna</au><au>Lewańczyk, Bożena</au><au>Paprocka, Izabela</au><au>Zwiernik, Beata</au><au>Pawlos, Aleksandra</au><au>Borysowicz, Andrzej</au><au>Narożnik, Anna</au><au>Michałowska, Anna</au><au>Nosek, Krzysztof</au><au>Fudala, Małgorzata</au><au>Milewska-Jędrzejczak, Marta</au><au>Kułakowska, Alina</au><au>Bartosik-Psujek, Halina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Clinical course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies - the Polish experience</atitle><jtitle>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</jtitle><addtitle>Neurol Neurochir Pol</addtitle><date>2021-01-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>212</spage><epage>222</epage><pages>212-222</pages><issn>0028-3843</issn><eissn>1897-4260</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study was to report the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in Poland. A major concern for neurologists worldwide is the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with MS treated with different DMTs. Although initial studies do not suggest an unfavourable course of infection in this group of patients, the data is limited.
This study included 396 MS patients treated with DMTs and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 28 Polish MS centres. Information concerning patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course of MS, current DMT use, as well as symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, need for pharmacotherapy, oxygen therapy, and/or hospitalisation, and short-term outcomes was collected up to 30 January 2021. Additional data about COVID-19 cases in the general population in Poland was obtained from official reports of the Polish Ministry of Health.
There were 114 males (28.8%) and 282 females (71.2%). The median age was 39 years (IQR 13). The great majority of patients with MS exhibited relapsing-remitting course (372 patients; 93.9%). The median EDSS was 2 (SD 1.38), and the mean disease duration was 8.95 (IQR 8) years. Most of the MS patients were treated with dimethyl fumarate (164; 41.41%). Other DMTs were less frequently used: interferon beta (82; 20.70%), glatiramer acetate (42; 10.60%), natalizumab (35;8.84%), teriflunomide (25; 6.31%), ocrelizumab (20; 5.05%), fingolimod (16; 4.04), cladribine (5; 1.26%), mitoxantrone (3; 0.76%), ozanimod (3; 0.76%), and alemtuzumab (1; 0.25%). The overall hospitalisation rate due to COVID-19 in the cohort was 6.81% (27 patients). Only one patient (0.3%) died due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and three (0.76%) patients were treated with mechanical ventilation; 106 (26.8%) patients had at least one comorbid condition. There were no significant differences in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding patient age, duration of the disease, degree of disability (EDSS), lymphocyte count, or type of DMT used.
Most MS patients included in this study had a favourable course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hospitalisation rate and the mortality rate were not higher in the MS cohort compared to the general Polish population. Continued multicentre data collection is needed to increase the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on the course of MS in patients treated with DMTs.</abstract><cop>Poland</cop><pub>Wydawnictwo Via Medica</pub><pmid>33856686</pmid><doi>10.5603/PJNNS.a2021.0031</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2920-1271</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6520-1303</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7955-3454</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0028-3843 |
| ispartof | Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska, 2021-01, Vol.55 (2), p.212-222 |
| issn | 0028-3843 1897-4260 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2692730760 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Adult Coronaviruses COVID-19 Female Hospitalization Humans Immunologic Factors Immunosuppressive Agents Infections Male Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting Patients Poland - epidemiology SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| title | Clinical course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies - the Polish experience |
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