Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids causing rapid reproductive isolation in Imperata cylindrica in Japan
Hybridization is a major source of phenotypic variation and a driving force for evolution. Although novel hybrid traits can often disrupt adaptive relationships between the parental phenotypes and their environments, how new hybrid traits disrupt local adaptation remains unclear. Here, we report how...
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description | Hybridization is a major source of phenotypic variation and a driving force for evolution. Although novel hybrid traits can often disrupt adaptive relationships between the parental phenotypes and their environments, how new hybrid traits disrupt local adaptation remains unclear. Here, we report how a new phenotype of hybrids between two Imperata cylindrica ecotypes contributes to rapid reproductive isolation from their parents and affects hybrid fitness.
We analysed 350 accessions of I. cylindrica collected from the 1980s to the 2010s throughout Japan to explore the genetic population structure of the hybrids. We surveyed the flowering periods, seed set, and germination of two ecotypes and their hybrids in both natural habitats and common gardens.
Genetic analyses of population structure revealed that the hybrid populations consisted of only F1 individuals, without advanced generation hybrids. The flowering phenology of the F1 plants was delayed until autumn, 5–6 months later than the parental ecotypes. The drastic shift in flowering phenology prevents F1s from backcrossing. In addition, it changes their seed dispersal time to winter. Germination is inhibited by low temperatures, and the seeds likely decay before the next spring, resulting in the absence of an F2 generation. We identified the environmental mismatch of the F1 population as a specific mechanism for the maintenance of an only F1 population.
Synthesis. We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s. This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in driving rapid reproductive isolation.
抄録
雑種形成は表現型の変異の主たる源であり、進化の駆動力である。雑種の新奇形質は雑種親とそれらの生育環境の適応的な関係をしばしば崩壊させるが、新しい雑種の形質が局所適応をどのように崩壊させるかは、不明なままである。本研究では、チガヤ (Imperata cylindrica) の2生態型間の雑種における新たな表現型が、どのようにその両親からの素早い生殖隔離に寄与し、雑種の適応度に影響するかを報告する。
雑種の集団遺伝構造を明らかにするために、日本全国から1980年代から2010年代にかけて収集したチガヤの350系統を解析した。生育地と共通実験圃場の両方で、2生態型とそれらの雑種の開花期、結実率および発芽率を調査した。
集団遺伝構造の解析によって、雑種集団には雑種後代が存在せず、F1個体だけで構成されていることが明らかになった。F1の開花フェノロジーは両親生態型から5‐6ヶ月遅く、秋まで遅延した。この劇的な開花フェノロジーシフトによって、F1は戻し交配ができなくなっていた。さらに、これによって種子散布期が冬になった。発芽は低温によって阻害され、種子は翌春までに腐敗する可能性が高く、これによってF2世代が存在しない。F1だけの集団が維持される特定のメカニズムとして、F1集団における環境のミスマッチを明らかにした。
まとめ. 開花フェノロジーのミスマッチが両親と雑種の生殖隔離を促進し、雑種のさまざまな時間的組成に影響を与え、F1だけで構成される独特な雑種集団を生み出した。この系は素早い生殖隔離の生じるときに、雑種形質が重要であることを強調している。
We have demonstrated that this flowe |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1365-2745.13890 |
format | Article |
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We analysed 350 accessions of I. cylindrica collected from the 1980s to the 2010s throughout Japan to explore the genetic population structure of the hybrids. We surveyed the flowering periods, seed set, and germination of two ecotypes and their hybrids in both natural habitats and common gardens.
Genetic analyses of population structure revealed that the hybrid populations consisted of only F1 individuals, without advanced generation hybrids. The flowering phenology of the F1 plants was delayed until autumn, 5–6 months later than the parental ecotypes. The drastic shift in flowering phenology prevents F1s from backcrossing. In addition, it changes their seed dispersal time to winter. Germination is inhibited by low temperatures, and the seeds likely decay before the next spring, resulting in the absence of an F2 generation. We identified the environmental mismatch of the F1 population as a specific mechanism for the maintenance of an only F1 population.
Synthesis. We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s. This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in driving rapid reproductive isolation.
抄録
雑種形成は表現型の変異の主たる源であり、進化の駆動力である。雑種の新奇形質は雑種親とそれらの生育環境の適応的な関係をしばしば崩壊させるが、新しい雑種の形質が局所適応をどのように崩壊させるかは、不明なままである。本研究では、チガヤ (Imperata cylindrica) の2生態型間の雑種における新たな表現型が、どのようにその両親からの素早い生殖隔離に寄与し、雑種の適応度に影響するかを報告する。
雑種の集団遺伝構造を明らかにするために、日本全国から1980年代から2010年代にかけて収集したチガヤの350系統を解析した。生育地と共通実験圃場の両方で、2生態型とそれらの雑種の開花期、結実率および発芽率を調査した。
集団遺伝構造の解析によって、雑種集団には雑種後代が存在せず、F1個体だけで構成されていることが明らかになった。F1の開花フェノロジーは両親生態型から5‐6ヶ月遅く、秋まで遅延した。この劇的な開花フェノロジーシフトによって、F1は戻し交配ができなくなっていた。さらに、これによって種子散布期が冬になった。発芽は低温によって阻害され、種子は翌春までに腐敗する可能性が高く、これによってF2世代が存在しない。F1だけの集団が維持される特定のメカニズムとして、F1集団における環境のミスマッチを明らかにした。
まとめ. 開花フェノロジーのミスマッチが両親と雑種の生殖隔離を促進し、雑種のさまざまな時間的組成に影響を与え、F1だけで構成される独特な雑種集団を生み出した。この系は素早い生殖隔離の生じるときに、雑種形質が重要であることを強調している。
We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s (B, C) and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s (A). This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in driving rapid reproductive isolation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0477</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2745</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13890</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Decay ; Dispersal ; ecotype ; Ecotypes ; F1 hybrids dominated zone ; Flowering ; flowering phenology shift ; Genetic analysis ; Germination ; Hybridization ; Hybrids ; Imperata cylindrica ; instant reproductive isolation ; Low temperature ; phenological mismatch ; Phenology ; Phenotypes ; Phenotypic variation ; Phenotypic variations ; Plants (botany) ; Population ; population genetic structure ; Population genetics ; Population structure ; Reproductive isolation ; Seed dispersal ; Seed set ; Seeds</subject><ispartof>The Journal of ecology, 2022-07, Vol.110 (7), p.1548-1560</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.</rights><rights>2022. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0002-8888-8678</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1365-2745.13890$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1365-2745.13890$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,1428,27905,27906,45555,45556,46390,46814</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nomura, Yasuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimono, Yoshiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mizuno, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyoshi, Ikuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwakami, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Kazuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tominaga, Tohru</creatorcontrib><title>Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids causing rapid reproductive isolation in Imperata cylindrica in Japan</title><title>The Journal of ecology</title><description>Hybridization is a major source of phenotypic variation and a driving force for evolution. Although novel hybrid traits can often disrupt adaptive relationships between the parental phenotypes and their environments, how new hybrid traits disrupt local adaptation remains unclear. Here, we report how a new phenotype of hybrids between two Imperata cylindrica ecotypes contributes to rapid reproductive isolation from their parents and affects hybrid fitness.
We analysed 350 accessions of I. cylindrica collected from the 1980s to the 2010s throughout Japan to explore the genetic population structure of the hybrids. We surveyed the flowering periods, seed set, and germination of two ecotypes and their hybrids in both natural habitats and common gardens.
Genetic analyses of population structure revealed that the hybrid populations consisted of only F1 individuals, without advanced generation hybrids. The flowering phenology of the F1 plants was delayed until autumn, 5–6 months later than the parental ecotypes. The drastic shift in flowering phenology prevents F1s from backcrossing. In addition, it changes their seed dispersal time to winter. Germination is inhibited by low temperatures, and the seeds likely decay before the next spring, resulting in the absence of an F2 generation. We identified the environmental mismatch of the F1 population as a specific mechanism for the maintenance of an only F1 population.
Synthesis. We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s. This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in driving rapid reproductive isolation.
抄録
雑種形成は表現型の変異の主たる源であり、進化の駆動力である。雑種の新奇形質は雑種親とそれらの生育環境の適応的な関係をしばしば崩壊させるが、新しい雑種の形質が局所適応をどのように崩壊させるかは、不明なままである。本研究では、チガヤ (Imperata cylindrica) の2生態型間の雑種における新たな表現型が、どのようにその両親からの素早い生殖隔離に寄与し、雑種の適応度に影響するかを報告する。
雑種の集団遺伝構造を明らかにするために、日本全国から1980年代から2010年代にかけて収集したチガヤの350系統を解析した。生育地と共通実験圃場の両方で、2生態型とそれらの雑種の開花期、結実率および発芽率を調査した。
集団遺伝構造の解析によって、雑種集団には雑種後代が存在せず、F1個体だけで構成されていることが明らかになった。F1の開花フェノロジーは両親生態型から5‐6ヶ月遅く、秋まで遅延した。この劇的な開花フェノロジーシフトによって、F1は戻し交配ができなくなっていた。さらに、これによって種子散布期が冬になった。発芽は低温によって阻害され、種子は翌春までに腐敗する可能性が高く、これによってF2世代が存在しない。F1だけの集団が維持される特定のメカニズムとして、F1集団における環境のミスマッチを明らかにした。
まとめ. 開花フェノロジーのミスマッチが両親と雑種の生殖隔離を促進し、雑種のさまざまな時間的組成に影響を与え、F1だけで構成される独特な雑種集団を生み出した。この系は素早い生殖隔離の生じるときに、雑種形質が重要であることを強調している。
We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s (B, C) and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s (A). This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in driving rapid reproductive isolation.</description><subject>Decay</subject><subject>Dispersal</subject><subject>ecotype</subject><subject>Ecotypes</subject><subject>F1 hybrids dominated zone</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>flowering phenology shift</subject><subject>Genetic analysis</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Hybridization</subject><subject>Hybrids</subject><subject>Imperata cylindrica</subject><subject>instant reproductive isolation</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>phenological mismatch</subject><subject>Phenology</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Phenotypic variation</subject><subject>Phenotypic variations</subject><subject>Plants (botany)</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>population genetic structure</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Population structure</subject><subject>Reproductive isolation</subject><subject>Seed dispersal</subject><subject>Seed set</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><issn>0022-0477</issn><issn>1365-2745</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kDFPwzAQhS0EEqUws1piTrEdx05HVFpoVYkFZutiO62rNA52QpV_T9IibrnTu6d3pw-hR0pmdKhnmoosYZJnM5rmc3KFJv_KNZoQwlhCuJS36C7GAyFEyIxM0Ok1QGydxnHvyha7GpeVP9ng6h1u9rb2ld_12Jd4RfG-L4IzEWvo4rgP0DiDg22CN51u3Y_FLvoKWufrMWl9bGyAFrDuK1eb4DSM8gYaqO_RTQlVtA9_fYq-VsvPxXuy_XhbL162ySHNCUlKSaWxEvhcFpwxUxRpXmRQ0JRmZA5CCmaYobqwRgsJc80I40ZIltNScy7SKXq65A5Pfnc2turgu1APJxUTuRQ8o4wPruziOrnK9qoJ7gihV5SoEa0aQaoRpDqjVZvl4jykv2skbo4</recordid><startdate>202207</startdate><enddate>202207</enddate><creator>Nomura, Yasuyuki</creator><creator>Shimono, Yoshiko</creator><creator>Mizuno, Nobuyuki</creator><creator>Miyoshi, Ikuya</creator><creator>Iwakami, Satoshi</creator><creator>Sato, Kazuhiro</creator><creator>Tominaga, Tohru</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-8678</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202207</creationdate><title>Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids causing rapid reproductive isolation in Imperata cylindrica in Japan</title><author>Nomura, Yasuyuki ; Shimono, Yoshiko ; Mizuno, Nobuyuki ; Miyoshi, Ikuya ; Iwakami, Satoshi ; Sato, Kazuhiro ; Tominaga, Tohru</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-j3800-f717de7a497b422dbb38b5ab131509a6762d2d1cbedc67a9c2024d67281fc4463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Decay</topic><topic>Dispersal</topic><topic>ecotype</topic><topic>Ecotypes</topic><topic>F1 hybrids dominated zone</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>flowering phenology shift</topic><topic>Genetic analysis</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Hybridization</topic><topic>Hybrids</topic><topic>Imperata cylindrica</topic><topic>instant reproductive isolation</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>phenological mismatch</topic><topic>Phenology</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Phenotypic variation</topic><topic>Phenotypic variations</topic><topic>Plants (botany)</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>population genetic structure</topic><topic>Population genetics</topic><topic>Population structure</topic><topic>Reproductive isolation</topic><topic>Seed dispersal</topic><topic>Seed set</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nomura, Yasuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shimono, Yoshiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mizuno, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miyoshi, Ikuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwakami, Satoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Kazuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tominaga, Tohru</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nomura, Yasuyuki</au><au>Shimono, Yoshiko</au><au>Mizuno, Nobuyuki</au><au>Miyoshi, Ikuya</au><au>Iwakami, Satoshi</au><au>Sato, Kazuhiro</au><au>Tominaga, Tohru</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids causing rapid reproductive isolation in Imperata cylindrica in Japan</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of ecology</jtitle><date>2022-07</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>110</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1548</spage><epage>1560</epage><pages>1548-1560</pages><issn>0022-0477</issn><eissn>1365-2745</eissn><abstract>Hybridization is a major source of phenotypic variation and a driving force for evolution. Although novel hybrid traits can often disrupt adaptive relationships between the parental phenotypes and their environments, how new hybrid traits disrupt local adaptation remains unclear. Here, we report how a new phenotype of hybrids between two Imperata cylindrica ecotypes contributes to rapid reproductive isolation from their parents and affects hybrid fitness.
We analysed 350 accessions of I. cylindrica collected from the 1980s to the 2010s throughout Japan to explore the genetic population structure of the hybrids. We surveyed the flowering periods, seed set, and germination of two ecotypes and their hybrids in both natural habitats and common gardens.
Genetic analyses of population structure revealed that the hybrid populations consisted of only F1 individuals, without advanced generation hybrids. The flowering phenology of the F1 plants was delayed until autumn, 5–6 months later than the parental ecotypes. The drastic shift in flowering phenology prevents F1s from backcrossing. In addition, it changes their seed dispersal time to winter. Germination is inhibited by low temperatures, and the seeds likely decay before the next spring, resulting in the absence of an F2 generation. We identified the environmental mismatch of the F1 population as a specific mechanism for the maintenance of an only F1 population.
Synthesis. We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s. This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in driving rapid reproductive isolation.
抄録
雑種形成は表現型の変異の主たる源であり、進化の駆動力である。雑種の新奇形質は雑種親とそれらの生育環境の適応的な関係をしばしば崩壊させるが、新しい雑種の形質が局所適応をどのように崩壊させるかは、不明なままである。本研究では、チガヤ (Imperata cylindrica) の2生態型間の雑種における新たな表現型が、どのようにその両親からの素早い生殖隔離に寄与し、雑種の適応度に影響するかを報告する。
雑種の集団遺伝構造を明らかにするために、日本全国から1980年代から2010年代にかけて収集したチガヤの350系統を解析した。生育地と共通実験圃場の両方で、2生態型とそれらの雑種の開花期、結実率および発芽率を調査した。
集団遺伝構造の解析によって、雑種集団には雑種後代が存在せず、F1個体だけで構成されていることが明らかになった。F1の開花フェノロジーは両親生態型から5‐6ヶ月遅く、秋まで遅延した。この劇的な開花フェノロジーシフトによって、F1は戻し交配ができなくなっていた。さらに、これによって種子散布期が冬になった。発芽は低温によって阻害され、種子は翌春までに腐敗する可能性が高く、これによってF2世代が存在しない。F1だけの集団が維持される特定のメカニズムとして、F1集団における環境のミスマッチを明らかにした。
まとめ. 開花フェノロジーのミスマッチが両親と雑種の生殖隔離を促進し、雑種のさまざまな時間的組成に影響を与え、F1だけで構成される独特な雑種集団を生み出した。この系は素早い生殖隔離の生じるときに、雑種形質が重要であることを強調している。
We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s (B, C) and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s (A). This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in driving rapid reproductive isolation.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/1365-2745.13890</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-8678</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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identifier | ISSN: 0022-0477 |
ispartof | The Journal of ecology, 2022-07, Vol.110 (7), p.1548-1560 |
issn | 0022-0477 1365-2745 |
language | eng |
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subjects | Decay Dispersal ecotype Ecotypes F1 hybrids dominated zone Flowering flowering phenology shift Genetic analysis Germination Hybridization Hybrids Imperata cylindrica instant reproductive isolation Low temperature phenological mismatch Phenology Phenotypes Phenotypic variation Phenotypic variations Plants (botany) Population population genetic structure Population genetics Population structure Reproductive isolation Seed dispersal Seed set Seeds |
title | Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids causing rapid reproductive isolation in Imperata cylindrica in Japan |
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