Simple ETo-Based Rules for Irrigation Scheduling by Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in Laos and Cambodia
Hand-held hoses and watering cans are widely used by smallholder farmers to irrigate vegetables in Cambodia and Laos. Overwatering is common. Technology change (e.g., low-pressure drip irrigation) has been used to improve irrigation efficiency but can be unaffordable for many smallholder farmers. Th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water (Basel) 2022-07, Vol.14 (13), p.2010 |
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| creator | McPhee, John Eberhard, Jochen Melland, Alice Uddin, Jasim Dunn, Lucinda Hin, Sarith Lim, Vanndy Touch, Veasna Sisouvanh, Phimmasone Somphou, Inthong Vilayphone, Tounglien Mounsena, Phaythoune Ives, Stephen |
| description | Hand-held hoses and watering cans are widely used by smallholder farmers to irrigate vegetables in Cambodia and Laos. Overwatering is common. Technology change (e.g., low-pressure drip irrigation) has been used to improve irrigation efficiency but can be unaffordable for many smallholder farmers. The purpose of this study was to identify an appropriate method of predicting crop water demand, develop and field-test improved irrigation schedules for smallholder leafy vegetable farming based on that method, and then develop extension tools to communicate the schedules to smallholder farmers. Improved irrigation schedules for leafy vegetables were developed based on a crop water use prediction technique that is well established (the Penman–Monteith method) but beyond the capacity of smallholder farmers to implement without access to simple aids. Compared to conventional practice, the method approximately halved water and labour use and improved irrigation water productivity 2–3 fold in field research and demonstration trials. Simplified extension tools to assist smallholder farmers with practice change were developed. This work showed that significant efficiencies could be gained through improved irrigation scheduling without changing application technology. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/w14132010 |
| format | Article |
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Overwatering is common. Technology change (e.g., low-pressure drip irrigation) has been used to improve irrigation efficiency but can be unaffordable for many smallholder farmers. The purpose of this study was to identify an appropriate method of predicting crop water demand, develop and field-test improved irrigation schedules for smallholder leafy vegetable farming based on that method, and then develop extension tools to communicate the schedules to smallholder farmers. Improved irrigation schedules for leafy vegetables were developed based on a crop water use prediction technique that is well established (the Penman–Monteith method) but beyond the capacity of smallholder farmers to implement without access to simple aids. Compared to conventional practice, the method approximately halved water and labour use and improved irrigation water productivity 2–3 fold in field research and demonstration trials. Simplified extension tools to assist smallholder farmers with practice change were developed. This work showed that significant efficiencies could be gained through improved irrigation scheduling without changing application technology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w14132010</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Developing countries ; Drip irrigation ; Farmers ; Farms ; Hoses ; Humidity ; Irrigation ; Irrigation efficiency ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigation water ; LDCs ; Low pressure ; Methods ; R&D ; Radiation ; Rain ; Research & development ; Schedules ; Scheduling ; Seasons ; Small farms ; Technology ; Vegetables ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water use</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2022-07, Vol.14 (13), p.2010</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 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Simplified extension tools to assist smallholder farmers with practice change were developed. This work showed that significant efficiencies could be gained through improved irrigation scheduling without changing application technology.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Drip irrigation</subject><subject>Farmers</subject><subject>Farms</subject><subject>Hoses</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Irrigation efficiency</subject><subject>Irrigation scheduling</subject><subject>Irrigation water</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Low pressure</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>R&D</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Research & development</subject><subject>Schedules</subject><subject>Scheduling</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Small farms</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>Water demand</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Water use</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkE1Lw0AYhBdRsNQe_AcLnjxE3_1IunvU0tZCQbDVa3iT3bRbkmzdTZD-eyMVcS4zh4cZGEJuGTwIoeHxi0kmODC4ICMOU5FIKdnlv3xNJjEeYJDUSqUwItXGNcfa0vnWJ88YraFvfW0jrXygqxDcDjvnW7op99b0tWt3tDjRTYN1vfe1sYF-2J3tsBgqFhgaGyJ1LV2jjxRbQ2fYFN44vCFXFdbRTn59TN4X8-3sJVm_Llezp3VScs27hBWYYgGcT9GUWpVaYAlZqipTGUxTJrKiQKssmyquMw0ZGGFBGsaMYhK4GJO7c-8x-M_exi4_-D60w2TOM5Ux4JmWA3V_psrgYwy2yo_BNRhOOYP858n870nxDal_ZGo</recordid><startdate>20220701</startdate><enddate>20220701</enddate><creator>McPhee, John</creator><creator>Eberhard, Jochen</creator><creator>Melland, Alice</creator><creator>Uddin, Jasim</creator><creator>Dunn, Lucinda</creator><creator>Hin, Sarith</creator><creator>Lim, Vanndy</creator><creator>Touch, Veasna</creator><creator>Sisouvanh, Phimmasone</creator><creator>Somphou, Inthong</creator><creator>Vilayphone, Tounglien</creator><creator>Mounsena, Phaythoune</creator><creator>Ives, Stephen</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-7368</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-2772</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-9180</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220701</creationdate><title>Simple ETo-Based Rules for Irrigation Scheduling by Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in Laos and Cambodia</title><author>McPhee, John ; 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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Agricultural production Agriculture Developing countries Drip irrigation Farmers Farms Hoses Humidity Irrigation Irrigation efficiency Irrigation scheduling Irrigation water LDCs Low pressure Methods R&D Radiation Rain Research & development Schedules Scheduling Seasons Small farms Technology Vegetables Water demand Water supply Water use |
| title | Simple ETo-Based Rules for Irrigation Scheduling by Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in Laos and Cambodia |
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