Dynamic Monitoring of Desertification in Ningdong Based on Landsat Images and Machine Learning
The ecological stability of mining areas in Northwest China has been threatened by desertification for a long time. Remote sensing information combined with machine learning algorithms can effectively monitor and evaluate desertification. However, due to the fact that the geological environment of a...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2022-06, Vol.14 (12), p.7470 |
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description | The ecological stability of mining areas in Northwest China has been threatened by desertification for a long time. Remote sensing information combined with machine learning algorithms can effectively monitor and evaluate desertification. However, due to the fact that the geological environment of a mining area is easily affected by factors such as resource exploitation, it is challenging to accurately grasp the development process of desertification in a mining area. In order to better play the role of remote sensing technology and machine learning algorithms in the monitoring of desertification in mining areas, based on Landsat images, we used a variety of machine learning algorithms and feature combinations to monitor desertification in Ningdong coal base. The performance of each monitoring model was evaluated by various performance indexes. Then, the optimal monitoring model was selected to extract the long-time desertification information of the base, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of desertification were discussed in many aspects. Finally, the factors driving desertification change were quantitatively studied. The results showed that random forest with the best feature combination had better recognition performance than other monitoring models. Its accuracy was 87.2%, kappa was 0.825, Macro-F1 was 0.851, and AUC was 0.961. In 2003–2017, desertification land in Ningdong increased first and then slowly improved. In 2021, the desertification situation deteriorated. The driving force analysis showed that human economic activities such as coal mining have become the dominant factor in controlling the change of desert in Ningdong coal base, and the change of rainfall plays an auxiliary role. The study comprehensively analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of desertification in Ningdong coal base. It can provide a scientific basis for combating desertification and for the construction of green mines. |
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Remote sensing information combined with machine learning algorithms can effectively monitor and evaluate desertification. However, due to the fact that the geological environment of a mining area is easily affected by factors such as resource exploitation, it is challenging to accurately grasp the development process of desertification in a mining area. In order to better play the role of remote sensing technology and machine learning algorithms in the monitoring of desertification in mining areas, based on Landsat images, we used a variety of machine learning algorithms and feature combinations to monitor desertification in Ningdong coal base. The performance of each monitoring model was evaluated by various performance indexes. Then, the optimal monitoring model was selected to extract the long-time desertification information of the base, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of desertification were discussed in many aspects. Finally, the factors driving desertification change were quantitatively studied. The results showed that random forest with the best feature combination had better recognition performance than other monitoring models. Its accuracy was 87.2%, kappa was 0.825, Macro-F1 was 0.851, and AUC was 0.961. In 2003–2017, desertification land in Ningdong increased first and then slowly improved. In 2021, the desertification situation deteriorated. The driving force analysis showed that human economic activities such as coal mining have become the dominant factor in controlling the change of desert in Ningdong coal base, and the change of rainfall plays an auxiliary role. The study comprehensively analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of desertification in Ningdong coal base. It can provide a scientific basis for combating desertification and for the construction of green mines.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su14127470</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Algorithms ; Classification ; Climate change ; Coal ; Coal mining ; Decision trees ; Desertification ; Information processing ; Land area ; Landsat ; Learning algorithms ; Machine learning ; Mines ; Model accuracy ; Monitoring ; Performance evaluation ; Rainfall ; Remote monitoring ; Remote sensing ; Resource exploitation ; Satellite imagery ; Sustainability ; Vegetation</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2022-06, Vol.14 (12), p.7470</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-94c45bd227f8cdd852720636930b56400a9dfe2b1a320f8a3c623a9021498fe63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-94c45bd227f8cdd852720636930b56400a9dfe2b1a320f8a3c623a9021498fe63</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6648-8473</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Peixian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Jiaqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Weinan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Xinliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guorui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shoubao</creatorcontrib><title>Dynamic Monitoring of Desertification in Ningdong Based on Landsat Images and Machine Learning</title><title>Sustainability</title><description>The ecological stability of mining areas in Northwest China has been threatened by desertification for a long time. Remote sensing information combined with machine learning algorithms can effectively monitor and evaluate desertification. However, due to the fact that the geological environment of a mining area is easily affected by factors such as resource exploitation, it is challenging to accurately grasp the development process of desertification in a mining area. In order to better play the role of remote sensing technology and machine learning algorithms in the monitoring of desertification in mining areas, based on Landsat images, we used a variety of machine learning algorithms and feature combinations to monitor desertification in Ningdong coal base. The performance of each monitoring model was evaluated by various performance indexes. Then, the optimal monitoring model was selected to extract the long-time desertification information of the base, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of desertification were discussed in many aspects. Finally, the factors driving desertification change were quantitatively studied. The results showed that random forest with the best feature combination had better recognition performance than other monitoring models. Its accuracy was 87.2%, kappa was 0.825, Macro-F1 was 0.851, and AUC was 0.961. In 2003–2017, desertification land in Ningdong increased first and then slowly improved. In 2021, the desertification situation deteriorated. The driving force analysis showed that human economic activities such as coal mining have become the dominant factor in controlling the change of desert in Ningdong coal base, and the change of rainfall plays an auxiliary role. The study comprehensively analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of desertification in Ningdong coal base. It can provide a scientific basis for combating desertification and for the construction of green mines.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Classification</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Coal mining</subject><subject>Decision trees</subject><subject>Desertification</subject><subject>Information processing</subject><subject>Land area</subject><subject>Landsat</subject><subject>Learning algorithms</subject><subject>Machine learning</subject><subject>Mines</subject><subject>Model accuracy</subject><subject>Monitoring</subject><subject>Performance evaluation</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Remote monitoring</subject><subject>Remote sensing</subject><subject>Resource exploitation</subject><subject>Satellite imagery</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUE1LAzEQDaJgqb34CwLehNXJ1-7mqK3VwlYvenVJ81FTbFKT7aH_3kgFncvMm_dmHjyELgncMCbhNu8JJ7ThDZygEYWGVAQEnP6bz9Ek5w2UYoxIUo_Q--wQ1NZrvIzBDzH5sMbR4ZnNNg3eea0GHwP2AT8XysRC36tsDS7LTgWT1YAXW7W2GReEl0p_-GBxZ1UK5eACnTn1me3kt4_R2_zhdfpUdS-Pi-ldV2kqxVBJrrlYGUob12pjWkEbCjWrJYOVqDmAksZZuiKKUXCtYrqmTEmghMvW2ZqN0dXx7y7Fr73NQ7-J-xSKZU_rRrZCMA5FdX1U6RRzTtb1u-S3Kh16Av1PhP1fhOwb-B5iDQ</recordid><startdate>20220601</startdate><enddate>20220601</enddate><creator>Li, Peixian</creator><creator>Chen, Peng</creator><creator>Shen, Jiaqi</creator><creator>Deng, Weinan</creator><creator>Kang, Xinliang</creator><creator>Wang, Guorui</creator><creator>Zhou, Shoubao</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-8473</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220601</creationdate><title>Dynamic Monitoring of Desertification in Ningdong Based on Landsat Images and Machine Learning</title><author>Li, Peixian ; Chen, Peng ; Shen, Jiaqi ; Deng, Weinan ; Kang, Xinliang ; Wang, Guorui ; Zhou, Shoubao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-94c45bd227f8cdd852720636930b56400a9dfe2b1a320f8a3c623a9021498fe63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Classification</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Coal</topic><topic>Coal mining</topic><topic>Decision trees</topic><topic>Desertification</topic><topic>Information processing</topic><topic>Land area</topic><topic>Landsat</topic><topic>Learning algorithms</topic><topic>Machine learning</topic><topic>Mines</topic><topic>Model accuracy</topic><topic>Monitoring</topic><topic>Performance evaluation</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Remote monitoring</topic><topic>Remote sensing</topic><topic>Resource exploitation</topic><topic>Satellite imagery</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Peixian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Jiaqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Weinan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Xinliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guorui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Shoubao</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Peixian</au><au>Chen, Peng</au><au>Shen, Jiaqi</au><au>Deng, Weinan</au><au>Kang, Xinliang</au><au>Wang, Guorui</au><au>Zhou, Shoubao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dynamic Monitoring of Desertification in Ningdong Based on Landsat Images and Machine Learning</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2022-06-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>7470</spage><pages>7470-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>The ecological stability of mining areas in Northwest China has been threatened by desertification for a long time. Remote sensing information combined with machine learning algorithms can effectively monitor and evaluate desertification. However, due to the fact that the geological environment of a mining area is easily affected by factors such as resource exploitation, it is challenging to accurately grasp the development process of desertification in a mining area. In order to better play the role of remote sensing technology and machine learning algorithms in the monitoring of desertification in mining areas, based on Landsat images, we used a variety of machine learning algorithms and feature combinations to monitor desertification in Ningdong coal base. The performance of each monitoring model was evaluated by various performance indexes. Then, the optimal monitoring model was selected to extract the long-time desertification information of the base, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of desertification were discussed in many aspects. Finally, the factors driving desertification change were quantitatively studied. The results showed that random forest with the best feature combination had better recognition performance than other monitoring models. Its accuracy was 87.2%, kappa was 0.825, Macro-F1 was 0.851, and AUC was 0.961. In 2003–2017, desertification land in Ningdong increased first and then slowly improved. In 2021, the desertification situation deteriorated. The driving force analysis showed that human economic activities such as coal mining have become the dominant factor in controlling the change of desert in Ningdong coal base, and the change of rainfall plays an auxiliary role. The study comprehensively analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of desertification in Ningdong coal base. It can provide a scientific basis for combating desertification and for the construction of green mines.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su14127470</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-8473</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Accuracy Algorithms Classification Climate change Coal Coal mining Decision trees Desertification Information processing Land area Landsat Learning algorithms Machine learning Mines Model accuracy Monitoring Performance evaluation Rainfall Remote monitoring Remote sensing Resource exploitation Satellite imagery Sustainability Vegetation |
title | Dynamic Monitoring of Desertification in Ningdong Based on Landsat Images and Machine Learning |
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