Accurate Absolute Measurements of Liquid Water Content (LWC) and Ice Water Content (IWC) of Clouds and Precipitation with Spectrometric Water Raman Lidar

A detailed description is given of how the liquid water content (LWC) and the ice water content (IWC) can be determined accurately and absolutely from the measured water Raman spectra of clouds. All instrumental and spectroscopic parameters that affect the accuracy of the water-content measurement a...

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