Microphysical and Polarimetric Radar Modeling of Hydrometeor Refreezing
A unique polarimetric radar signature indicative of hydrometeor refreezing during ice pellet events has been documented in several recent studies, yet the underlying microphysical causes remain unknown. The signature is characterized by enhancements in differential reflectivity ( Z DR ), specific di...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the atmospheric sciences 2021-06, Vol.78 (6), p.1965-1981 |
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container_end_page | 1981 |
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container_issue | 6 |
container_start_page | 1965 |
container_title | Journal of the atmospheric sciences |
container_volume | 78 |
creator | Tobin, Dana M. Kumjian, Matthew R. |
description | A unique polarimetric radar signature indicative of hydrometeor refreezing during ice pellet events has been documented in several recent studies, yet the underlying microphysical causes remain unknown. The signature is characterized by enhancements in differential reflectivity (
Z
DR
), specific differential phase (
K
DP
), and linear depolarization ratio (LDR), and a reduction in copolar correlation coefficient (
ρ
hv
) within a layer of decreasing radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization (
Z
H
). In previous studies, the leading hypothesis for the observed radar signature is the preferential refreezing of small drops. Here, a simplified, one-dimensional, explicit bin microphysics model is developed to simulate the refreezing of fully melted hydrometeors, and coupled with a polarimetric radar forward operator to quantify the impact of preferential refreezing on simulated radar signatures. The modeling results demonstrate that preferential refreezing is insufficient by itself to produce the observed signatures. In contrast, simulations considering an ice shell growing asymmetrically around a freezing particle (i.e., emulating a thicker ice shell on the bottom of a falling particle) produce realistic
Z
DR
enhancements, and also closely replicate observed features in
Z
H
,
K
DP
, LDR, and
ρ
hv
. Simulations that assume no increase in particle wobbling with freezing produce an even greater
Z
DR
enhancement, but this comes at the expense of reducing the LDR enhancement. It is suggested that the polarimetric refreezing signature is instead strongly related to both the distribution of the unfrozen liquid portion within a freezing particle and the orientation of this liquid with respect to the horizontal. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0314.1 |
format | Article |
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Z
DR
), specific differential phase (
K
DP
), and linear depolarization ratio (LDR), and a reduction in copolar correlation coefficient (
ρ
hv
) within a layer of decreasing radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization (
Z
H
). In previous studies, the leading hypothesis for the observed radar signature is the preferential refreezing of small drops. Here, a simplified, one-dimensional, explicit bin microphysics model is developed to simulate the refreezing of fully melted hydrometeors, and coupled with a polarimetric radar forward operator to quantify the impact of preferential refreezing on simulated radar signatures. The modeling results demonstrate that preferential refreezing is insufficient by itself to produce the observed signatures. In contrast, simulations considering an ice shell growing asymmetrically around a freezing particle (i.e., emulating a thicker ice shell on the bottom of a falling particle) produce realistic
Z
DR
enhancements, and also closely replicate observed features in
Z
H
,
K
DP
, LDR, and
ρ
hv
. Simulations that assume no increase in particle wobbling with freezing produce an even greater
Z
DR
enhancement, but this comes at the expense of reducing the LDR enhancement. It is suggested that the polarimetric refreezing signature is instead strongly related to both the distribution of the unfrozen liquid portion within a freezing particle and the orientation of this liquid with respect to the horizontal.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4928</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0469</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0314.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Depolarization ; Freezing ; Horizontal polarization ; Hydrometeors ; Ice ; Ice cover ; Microphysics ; Modelling ; Polarimetric radar ; Polarimetry ; Radar ; Radar reflectivity ; Radar signatures ; Reflectance ; Simulation</subject><ispartof>Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 2021-06, Vol.78 (6), p.1965-1981</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Jun 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c232t-d1ef60abfa70fcc1b92b80a118e30ceeed0067e2b6b06bef418599251816f42d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c232t-d1ef60abfa70fcc1b92b80a118e30ceeed0067e2b6b06bef418599251816f42d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3681,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tobin, Dana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumjian, Matthew R.</creatorcontrib><title>Microphysical and Polarimetric Radar Modeling of Hydrometeor Refreezing</title><title>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</title><description>A unique polarimetric radar signature indicative of hydrometeor refreezing during ice pellet events has been documented in several recent studies, yet the underlying microphysical causes remain unknown. The signature is characterized by enhancements in differential reflectivity (
Z
DR
), specific differential phase (
K
DP
), and linear depolarization ratio (LDR), and a reduction in copolar correlation coefficient (
ρ
hv
) within a layer of decreasing radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization (
Z
H
). In previous studies, the leading hypothesis for the observed radar signature is the preferential refreezing of small drops. Here, a simplified, one-dimensional, explicit bin microphysics model is developed to simulate the refreezing of fully melted hydrometeors, and coupled with a polarimetric radar forward operator to quantify the impact of preferential refreezing on simulated radar signatures. The modeling results demonstrate that preferential refreezing is insufficient by itself to produce the observed signatures. In contrast, simulations considering an ice shell growing asymmetrically around a freezing particle (i.e., emulating a thicker ice shell on the bottom of a falling particle) produce realistic
Z
DR
enhancements, and also closely replicate observed features in
Z
H
,
K
DP
, LDR, and
ρ
hv
. Simulations that assume no increase in particle wobbling with freezing produce an even greater
Z
DR
enhancement, but this comes at the expense of reducing the LDR enhancement. It is suggested that the polarimetric refreezing signature is instead strongly related to both the distribution of the unfrozen liquid portion within a freezing particle and the orientation of this liquid with respect to the horizontal.</description><subject>Correlation coefficient</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Depolarization</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Horizontal polarization</subject><subject>Hydrometeors</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Ice cover</subject><subject>Microphysics</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Polarimetric radar</subject><subject>Polarimetry</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Radar reflectivity</subject><subject>Radar signatures</subject><subject>Reflectance</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><issn>0022-4928</issn><issn>1520-0469</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNotkEFPAjEQhRujiYievTbxXJnpbru7RwIKGogG9dx0u1NdslLswgF_vSU4l5fJe5nJ-xi7RbhHLNToefwmpkKCgAzzezxjA1THLdfVORsASCnySpaX7Krv15BGFjhgs2XrYth-HfrW2Y7bTcNfQ2dj-0272Dq-so2NfBka6trNJw-ezw9NDMmlEPmKfCT6Tc41u_C26-nmX4fs4_HhfTIXi5fZ02S8EE5mcicaJK_B1t4W4J3DupJ1CRaxpAwcETUAuiBZ6xp0TT7HUlWVVFii9rlssiG7O93dxvCzp35n1mEfN-mlkbpQqtKIKqVGp1Tq1veRvNmmRjYeDII50jKJlpkaCeZIy2D2B3FDXV8</recordid><startdate>202106</startdate><enddate>202106</enddate><creator>Tobin, Dana M.</creator><creator>Kumjian, Matthew R.</creator><general>American Meteorological Society</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202106</creationdate><title>Microphysical and Polarimetric Radar Modeling of Hydrometeor Refreezing</title><author>Tobin, Dana M. ; Kumjian, Matthew R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c232t-d1ef60abfa70fcc1b92b80a118e30ceeed0067e2b6b06bef418599251816f42d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Correlation coefficient</topic><topic>Correlation coefficients</topic><topic>Depolarization</topic><topic>Freezing</topic><topic>Horizontal polarization</topic><topic>Hydrometeors</topic><topic>Ice</topic><topic>Ice cover</topic><topic>Microphysics</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Polarimetric radar</topic><topic>Polarimetry</topic><topic>Radar</topic><topic>Radar reflectivity</topic><topic>Radar signatures</topic><topic>Reflectance</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tobin, Dana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumjian, Matthew R.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tobin, Dana M.</au><au>Kumjian, Matthew R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microphysical and Polarimetric Radar Modeling of Hydrometeor Refreezing</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</jtitle><date>2021-06</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>78</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1965</spage><epage>1981</epage><pages>1965-1981</pages><issn>0022-4928</issn><eissn>1520-0469</eissn><abstract>A unique polarimetric radar signature indicative of hydrometeor refreezing during ice pellet events has been documented in several recent studies, yet the underlying microphysical causes remain unknown. The signature is characterized by enhancements in differential reflectivity (
Z
DR
), specific differential phase (
K
DP
), and linear depolarization ratio (LDR), and a reduction in copolar correlation coefficient (
ρ
hv
) within a layer of decreasing radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization (
Z
H
). In previous studies, the leading hypothesis for the observed radar signature is the preferential refreezing of small drops. Here, a simplified, one-dimensional, explicit bin microphysics model is developed to simulate the refreezing of fully melted hydrometeors, and coupled with a polarimetric radar forward operator to quantify the impact of preferential refreezing on simulated radar signatures. The modeling results demonstrate that preferential refreezing is insufficient by itself to produce the observed signatures. In contrast, simulations considering an ice shell growing asymmetrically around a freezing particle (i.e., emulating a thicker ice shell on the bottom of a falling particle) produce realistic
Z
DR
enhancements, and also closely replicate observed features in
Z
H
,
K
DP
, LDR, and
ρ
hv
. Simulations that assume no increase in particle wobbling with freezing produce an even greater
Z
DR
enhancement, but this comes at the expense of reducing the LDR enhancement. It is suggested that the polarimetric refreezing signature is instead strongly related to both the distribution of the unfrozen liquid portion within a freezing particle and the orientation of this liquid with respect to the horizontal.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/JAS-D-20-0314.1</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | American Meteorological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Depolarization Freezing Horizontal polarization Hydrometeors Ice Ice cover Microphysics Modelling Polarimetric radar Polarimetry Radar Radar reflectivity Radar signatures Reflectance Simulation |
title | Microphysical and Polarimetric Radar Modeling of Hydrometeor Refreezing |
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