Review: Assessment of the aquifers in South Sudan with a focus on Lakes State
The current state of knowledge on groundwater in South Sudan (a data-scarce country) is presented, based on extensive field surveys in Lakes State in the central part of the country, limited published literature, and unpublished consultancy reports. The Basement Complex and the unconsolidated sedime...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Hydrogeology journal 2022-06, Vol.30 (4), p.1035-1053 |
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| description | The current state of knowledge on groundwater in South Sudan (a data-scarce country) is presented, based on extensive field surveys in Lakes State in the central part of the country, limited published literature, and unpublished consultancy reports. The Basement Complex and the unconsolidated sediments of the Umm Ruwaba Formation are the most extensive geological formations and are the most exploited for groundwater. The water-resource potential properties of the main Umm Ruwaba aquifer (the ‘second’ aquifer, mostly confined) in Lakes State are generally fair to good, with a shallow piezometric surface ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10040-022-02483-8 |
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2
/day), and low salinity and nitrate content. However, some areas have poor groundwater potential due to deep piezometric levels (up to 80 m deep), low transmissivity (mean <5 m
2
/day) and/or brackish salinity. The estimated recharge is modest (1–8 mm/year) due to predominantly confined aquifer conditions. Aquifer recharge mainly occurs along the geological boundary with the Basement Complex and from the Bahr el Jebel River. Published literature shows saline groundwater and a groundwater trough in northeast South Sudan that was interpreted as being related to a buried saline lake. Additional data on groundwater levels indicate that the extent of the trough may be less than originally sketched. In the Basement Complex, the groundwater potential varies over short distances and depends on the thickness and sand content of the weathered top layer and/or the presence of fractures; the transmissivity is generally low (median for Lakes State is 4.2 m
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2
/day), and low salinity and nitrate content. However, some areas have poor groundwater potential due to deep piezometric levels (up to 80 m deep), low transmissivity (mean <5 m
2
/day) and/or brackish salinity. The estimated recharge is modest (1–8 mm/year) due to predominantly confined aquifer conditions. Aquifer recharge mainly occurs along the geological boundary with the Basement Complex and from the Bahr el Jebel River. Published literature shows saline groundwater and a groundwater trough in northeast South Sudan that was interpreted as being related to a buried saline lake. Additional data on groundwater levels indicate that the extent of the trough may be less than originally sketched. In the Basement Complex, the groundwater potential varies over short distances and depends on the thickness and sand content of the weathered top layer and/or the presence of fractures; the transmissivity is generally low (median for Lakes State is 4.2 m
2
/day).</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Aquifer recharge</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Basements</subject><subject>Confined aquifers</subject><subject>Consultancies</subject><subject>Consultancy services</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Fractures</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Geophysics/Geodesy</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater data</subject><subject>Groundwater levels</subject><subject>Groundwater potential</subject><subject>Groundwater recharge</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Hydrologic data</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Saline environments</subject><subject>Saline groundwater</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salinity effects</subject><subject>Salt lakes</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Transmissivity</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><issn>1431-2174</issn><issn>1435-0157</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkFFLwzAQx4MoOKdfwKeAz9Ekl66pb2PoFCqC1eeQphfXqe3WpO7rGzfBh7v7w_24gx8hl4JfC87zm5C64oxLmUppYPqITISCjHGR5cf7LJgUuTolZyGsecJFDhPy9ILfLe5u6TwEDOELu0h7T-MKqd2Orcch0LajVT_GFa3GxnZ016Zoqe_dGGjf0dJ-YKBVtBHPyYm3nwEv_uaUvN3fvS4eWPm8fFzMS2ZBQWSuqRvhnRJZkRW6tlo5pb0vimZWWOkU1E44xdNSes7RQ-5rh05DgjPlLEzJ1eHuZui3I4Zo1v04dOmlkbMcOEius0TBgQqboe3ecfinBDe_3szBm0nezN6b0fADNMFf8w</recordid><startdate>20220601</startdate><enddate>20220601</enddate><creator>Goes, B. 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J. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Review: Assessment of the aquifers in South Sudan with a focus on Lakes State</atitle><jtitle>Hydrogeology journal</jtitle><stitle>Hydrogeol J</stitle><date>2022-06-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1035</spage><epage>1053</epage><pages>1035-1053</pages><issn>1431-2174</issn><eissn>1435-0157</eissn><abstract>The current state of knowledge on groundwater in South Sudan (a data-scarce country) is presented, based on extensive field surveys in Lakes State in the central part of the country, limited published literature, and unpublished consultancy reports. The Basement Complex and the unconsolidated sediments of the Umm Ruwaba Formation are the most extensive geological formations and are the most exploited for groundwater. The water-resource potential properties of the main Umm Ruwaba aquifer (the ‘second’ aquifer, mostly confined) in Lakes State are generally fair to good, with a shallow piezometric surface (<25 m deep), favourable transmissivity (median 8.4, mean 21.5 m
2
/day), and low salinity and nitrate content. However, some areas have poor groundwater potential due to deep piezometric levels (up to 80 m deep), low transmissivity (mean <5 m
2
/day) and/or brackish salinity. The estimated recharge is modest (1–8 mm/year) due to predominantly confined aquifer conditions. Aquifer recharge mainly occurs along the geological boundary with the Basement Complex and from the Bahr el Jebel River. Published literature shows saline groundwater and a groundwater trough in northeast South Sudan that was interpreted as being related to a buried saline lake. Additional data on groundwater levels indicate that the extent of the trough may be less than originally sketched. In the Basement Complex, the groundwater potential varies over short distances and depends on the thickness and sand content of the weathered top layer and/or the presence of fractures; the transmissivity is generally low (median for Lakes State is 4.2 m
2
/day).</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s10040-022-02483-8</doi><tpages>19</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquatic Pollution Aquifer recharge Aquifers Basements Confined aquifers Consultancies Consultancy services Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Fractures Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Groundwater Groundwater data Groundwater levels Groundwater potential Groundwater recharge Hydrogeology Hydrologic data Hydrology/Water Resources Lakes Saline environments Saline groundwater Salinity Salinity effects Salt lakes Sediments Surveys Transmissivity Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Water Quality/Water Pollution |
| title | Review: Assessment of the aquifers in South Sudan with a focus on Lakes State |
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