Revealing the Chemical Profiles of Airborne Particulate Matter Sources in Lake Baikal Area: A Combination of Three Techniques
Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is a widely used multivariate source apportionment technique. However, PMF-derived source profiles are never compared to real ones because of the absence of data on the chemical composition of source emissions. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of P...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2022-05, Vol.14 (10), p.6170 |
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| creator | Semenov, Mikhail Y. Marinaite, Irina I. Golobokova, Liudmila P. Semenov, Yuri M. Khodzher, Tamara V. |
| description | Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is a widely used multivariate source apportionment technique. However, PMF-derived source profiles are never compared to real ones because of the absence of data on the chemical composition of source emissions. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of PMF-derived source profiles using the diagnostic ratios (DR) method and end-member mixing analysis (EMMA). The composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter (PM) sampled in the air above Lake Baikal in summer and the composition of inorganic elements (IE) in PM accumulated in Lake Baikal snowpack were used as study objects. Five PAH sources and five IE sources were identified using PMF. Eight PAHs and six IEs selected from PMF-derived source profiles were recognized as eligible for calculating the DRs (species 1/(species 1 + species 2)) suitable for testing PMF results using EMMA. EMMA was based on determining whether most samples in mixing diagrams that use DR values as coordinates of source points could be bound by a geometrical shape whose vertices are pollution sources. It was found that the four PAH sources and four IE sources obtained using PMF were also identified using EMMA. Thus, the validity of the most of PMF-derived source profiles was proved. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su14106170 |
| format | Article |
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However, PMF-derived source profiles are never compared to real ones because of the absence of data on the chemical composition of source emissions. The aim of this study was to verify the validity of PMF-derived source profiles using the diagnostic ratios (DR) method and end-member mixing analysis (EMMA). The composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter (PM) sampled in the air above Lake Baikal in summer and the composition of inorganic elements (IE) in PM accumulated in Lake Baikal snowpack were used as study objects. Five PAH sources and five IE sources were identified using PMF. Eight PAHs and six IEs selected from PMF-derived source profiles were recognized as eligible for calculating the DRs (species 1/(species 1 + species 2)) suitable for testing PMF results using EMMA. EMMA was based on determining whether most samples in mixing diagrams that use DR values as coordinates of source points could be bound by a geometrical shape whose vertices are pollution sources. It was found that the four PAH sources and four IE sources obtained using PMF were also identified using EMMA. Thus, the validity of the most of PMF-derived source profiles was proved.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su14106170</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air pollution ; Airborne particulates ; Apexes ; Apportionment ; Atmospheric aerosols ; Chemical composition ; Data analysis ; Emissions ; Lakes ; Leachates ; Microwaves ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; Pollutants ; Pollution sources ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Snow accumulation ; Snowpack ; Summer ; Sustainability</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2022-05, Vol.14 (10), p.6170</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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| subjects | Air pollution Airborne particulates Apexes Apportionment Atmospheric aerosols Chemical composition Data analysis Emissions Lakes Leachates Microwaves Particulate emissions Particulate matter Pollutants Pollution sources Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Snow accumulation Snowpack Summer Sustainability |
| title | Revealing the Chemical Profiles of Airborne Particulate Matter Sources in Lake Baikal Area: A Combination of Three Techniques |
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