Mathematical study of transport phenomena of blood nanofluid in a diseased artery subject to catheterization

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure for treating the cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to understand the transport phenomena of blood nanofluid through a flexible arterial domain, which has stenosis/dilation with the catheter outer surface layered with nanoparticles. Blood is considered as a micro-polar fluid, governed by nonlinear equations, which are then solved by using the homotopy perturbation method. We consider the flexible nature of the arterial wall as a function of time due to the heart’s pumping action. Different slip velocities with the Darcy effects in the constricted domain’s abnormal segments represent the dysfunction of a blood vessel. In this paper, we explore the effects of the various fluid parameters and the embedded geometrical parameters on physiological characteristics. We observe that the radial velocity increases with the increasing value of Gr and Br . However, impedance has shown the opposite pattern in the dilation segment. Also, we understand the helical flow distribution in the abnormal segments of the considered blood vessel. These findings explain that the study of nanofluid could be an assuring therapeutic approach against arterial conditions.