Nitrogen Cycling Across a Salinity Gradient From the Pearl River Estuary to Offshore: Insight From Nitrate Dual Isotopes
Dual isotope measurements were performed on nitrate (δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3−) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS) to investigate nitrate sources and its biogeochemical processes during rainy season. Our results indicated that in the PRE, high nitrate lev...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences 2022-05, Vol.127 (5), p.n/a |
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| creator | Chen, Fajin Deng, Ziyun Lao, Qibin Bian, Peiwang Jin, Guangzhe Zhu, Qingmei Zhou, Xin Chen, Chunqing |
| description | Dual isotope measurements were performed on nitrate (δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3−) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS) to investigate nitrate sources and its biogeochemical processes during rainy season. Our results indicated that in the PRE, high nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, the sources of which included the reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer (29%), SN (nitrate derived from soil N) (18%), manure and sewage (10%), and atmospheric deposition (7%). In the nearshore area, nitrate was characterized by relatively high δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− values suggestive of incomplete nitrate assimilation. Besides, nitrification might be significant in the intermediate and bottom waters due to ammonia release from remineralization of sinking and sedimented organic matter (OM). In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− showed moderate values. In addition, δ18O‐NO3− exhibited a clear vertical gradient with a decrease from the surface to the bottom. A coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed, which left isotope imprints in bottom waters of the offshore area. In surface waters from the nearshore to the offshore area, although assimilation was the prominent process, the δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− relationship deviated from the 1:1 line, suggesting significant contribution of atmospheric deposition that increased offshore. Our study suggests the external source of nitrate shifts from anthropogenic nitrogen to atmospheric source in the continuous river–estuary–ocean system, and nitrification‐denitrification become more active as it goes seaward.
Plain Language Summary
A comprehensive understanding in nitrogen cycle and its sources in the upper Pearl River Estuary (PRE) to the offshore Northern South China Sea (NSCS) was presented in this study. High nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, and the nitrate sources mainly originated from reduced N fertilizer (29%). Incomplete nitrate assimilation and nitrification occurred in the nearshore area. In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and a coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed in the bottom water. Finally, an increasing contribution of atmospheric deposition to the nitrate sources was found in the surface water from the nearsh |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2022JG006862 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2669602374</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2669602374</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2379-a898fd45182c003e4a2c3d79fb5a2f1cd81e0517815bac2f66d440d5f7ddaace3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kF1PwjAUhhujiQS58wc08dZp223d6h1BmBAiBvV6KWsLJWPFtlP37y1ijFeem_OR55w37wHgEqMbjAi7JYiQWYEQzSk5AT2CKYtyRvHpb53G52Dg3BaFyMMI4x74fNTemrVs4Kirat2s4bCyxjnI4TMPvfYdLCwXWjYeTqzZQb-R8ElyW8OlfpcWjp1vue2gN3ChlNsYK-_gtHF6vfnZOEhwL-F9y2s4dcabvXQX4Ezx2snBT-6D18n4ZfQQzRfFdDScRxWJMxbxnOVKJCnOSYVQLBNOqlhkTK1SThSuRI4lSnGW43TFK6IoFUmCRKoyITivZNwHV8e7e2veWul8uTWtbYJkSShlFAWZJFDXR-rbvJWq3Fu9C7ZKjMrDe8u_7w14fMQ_dC27f9lyViwLQghi8Rc_JXvw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2669602374</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Nitrogen Cycling Across a Salinity Gradient From the Pearl River Estuary to Offshore: Insight From Nitrate Dual Isotopes</title><source>Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Chen, Fajin ; Deng, Ziyun ; Lao, Qibin ; Bian, Peiwang ; Jin, Guangzhe ; Zhu, Qingmei ; Zhou, Xin ; Chen, Chunqing</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Fajin ; Deng, Ziyun ; Lao, Qibin ; Bian, Peiwang ; Jin, Guangzhe ; Zhu, Qingmei ; Zhou, Xin ; Chen, Chunqing</creatorcontrib><description>Dual isotope measurements were performed on nitrate (δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3−) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS) to investigate nitrate sources and its biogeochemical processes during rainy season. Our results indicated that in the PRE, high nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, the sources of which included the reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer (29%), SN (nitrate derived from soil N) (18%), manure and sewage (10%), and atmospheric deposition (7%). In the nearshore area, nitrate was characterized by relatively high δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− values suggestive of incomplete nitrate assimilation. Besides, nitrification might be significant in the intermediate and bottom waters due to ammonia release from remineralization of sinking and sedimented organic matter (OM). In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− showed moderate values. In addition, δ18O‐NO3− exhibited a clear vertical gradient with a decrease from the surface to the bottom. A coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed, which left isotope imprints in bottom waters of the offshore area. In surface waters from the nearshore to the offshore area, although assimilation was the prominent process, the δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− relationship deviated from the 1:1 line, suggesting significant contribution of atmospheric deposition that increased offshore. Our study suggests the external source of nitrate shifts from anthropogenic nitrogen to atmospheric source in the continuous river–estuary–ocean system, and nitrification‐denitrification become more active as it goes seaward.
Plain Language Summary
A comprehensive understanding in nitrogen cycle and its sources in the upper Pearl River Estuary (PRE) to the offshore Northern South China Sea (NSCS) was presented in this study. High nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, and the nitrate sources mainly originated from reduced N fertilizer (29%). Incomplete nitrate assimilation and nitrification occurred in the nearshore area. In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and a coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed in the bottom water. Finally, an increasing contribution of atmospheric deposition to the nitrate sources was found in the surface water from the nearshore to the offshore area. This study suggests the external source of nitrogen shifts from anthropogenic nitrogen to atmospheric source in the continuous river–estuary–ocean system, and nitrification‐denitrification become more active from the Pearl River Estuary to offshore.
Key Points
New NO3− was added in the Pearl River Estuary, which was most likely sourced from remineralization of soil organic nitrogen
Assimilation was the prominent process in surface waters from the nearshore to the offshore area
The contribution of atmospheric deposition to nitrate increased and nitrification‐denitrification become more active seaward</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-8953</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8961</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2022JG006862</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Ammonia ; Anthropogenic factors ; Assimilation ; biogeochemistry ; Bottom water ; Deltas ; Denitrification ; Depletion ; Deposition ; Estuaries ; Estuarine dynamics ; Fertilizers ; Human influences ; Isotopes ; nitrate ; nitrate dual isotopes ; Nitrates ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen cycle ; Northern South China Sea ; Offshore ; Organic matter ; Pearl River Estuary ; Pore water ; Rainy season ; Remineralization ; Rivers ; Salinity gradients ; Sediment ; Sewage ; Surface water ; Wet season</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences, 2022-05, Vol.127 (5), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2379-a898fd45182c003e4a2c3d79fb5a2f1cd81e0517815bac2f66d440d5f7ddaace3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2379-a898fd45182c003e4a2c3d79fb5a2f1cd81e0517815bac2f66d440d5f7ddaace3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6806-716X ; 0000-0002-5775-911X ; 0000-0002-2629-3337</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2022JG006862$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2022JG006862$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,1434,27929,27930,45579,45580,46414,46838</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Fajin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Ziyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lao, Qibin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bian, Peiwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Guangzhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Qingmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chunqing</creatorcontrib><title>Nitrogen Cycling Across a Salinity Gradient From the Pearl River Estuary to Offshore: Insight From Nitrate Dual Isotopes</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</title><description>Dual isotope measurements were performed on nitrate (δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3−) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS) to investigate nitrate sources and its biogeochemical processes during rainy season. Our results indicated that in the PRE, high nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, the sources of which included the reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer (29%), SN (nitrate derived from soil N) (18%), manure and sewage (10%), and atmospheric deposition (7%). In the nearshore area, nitrate was characterized by relatively high δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− values suggestive of incomplete nitrate assimilation. Besides, nitrification might be significant in the intermediate and bottom waters due to ammonia release from remineralization of sinking and sedimented organic matter (OM). In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− showed moderate values. In addition, δ18O‐NO3− exhibited a clear vertical gradient with a decrease from the surface to the bottom. A coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed, which left isotope imprints in bottom waters of the offshore area. In surface waters from the nearshore to the offshore area, although assimilation was the prominent process, the δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− relationship deviated from the 1:1 line, suggesting significant contribution of atmospheric deposition that increased offshore. Our study suggests the external source of nitrate shifts from anthropogenic nitrogen to atmospheric source in the continuous river–estuary–ocean system, and nitrification‐denitrification become more active as it goes seaward.
Plain Language Summary
A comprehensive understanding in nitrogen cycle and its sources in the upper Pearl River Estuary (PRE) to the offshore Northern South China Sea (NSCS) was presented in this study. High nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, and the nitrate sources mainly originated from reduced N fertilizer (29%). Incomplete nitrate assimilation and nitrification occurred in the nearshore area. In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and a coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed in the bottom water. Finally, an increasing contribution of atmospheric deposition to the nitrate sources was found in the surface water from the nearshore to the offshore area. This study suggests the external source of nitrogen shifts from anthropogenic nitrogen to atmospheric source in the continuous river–estuary–ocean system, and nitrification‐denitrification become more active from the Pearl River Estuary to offshore.
Key Points
New NO3− was added in the Pearl River Estuary, which was most likely sourced from remineralization of soil organic nitrogen
Assimilation was the prominent process in surface waters from the nearshore to the offshore area
The contribution of atmospheric deposition to nitrate increased and nitrification‐denitrification become more active seaward</description><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Assimilation</subject><subject>biogeochemistry</subject><subject>Bottom water</subject><subject>Deltas</subject><subject>Denitrification</subject><subject>Depletion</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>Estuarine dynamics</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Isotopes</subject><subject>nitrate</subject><subject>nitrate dual isotopes</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrification</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen cycle</subject><subject>Northern South China Sea</subject><subject>Offshore</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Pearl River Estuary</subject><subject>Pore water</subject><subject>Rainy season</subject><subject>Remineralization</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Salinity gradients</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sewage</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Wet season</subject><issn>2169-8953</issn><issn>2169-8961</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kF1PwjAUhhujiQS58wc08dZp223d6h1BmBAiBvV6KWsLJWPFtlP37y1ijFeem_OR55w37wHgEqMbjAi7JYiQWYEQzSk5AT2CKYtyRvHpb53G52Dg3BaFyMMI4x74fNTemrVs4Kirat2s4bCyxjnI4TMPvfYdLCwXWjYeTqzZQb-R8ElyW8OlfpcWjp1vue2gN3ChlNsYK-_gtHF6vfnZOEhwL-F9y2s4dcabvXQX4Ezx2snBT-6D18n4ZfQQzRfFdDScRxWJMxbxnOVKJCnOSYVQLBNOqlhkTK1SThSuRI4lSnGW43TFK6IoFUmCRKoyITivZNwHV8e7e2veWul8uTWtbYJkSShlFAWZJFDXR-rbvJWq3Fu9C7ZKjMrDe8u_7w14fMQ_dC27f9lyViwLQghi8Rc_JXvw</recordid><startdate>202205</startdate><enddate>202205</enddate><creator>Chen, Fajin</creator><creator>Deng, Ziyun</creator><creator>Lao, Qibin</creator><creator>Bian, Peiwang</creator><creator>Jin, Guangzhe</creator><creator>Zhu, Qingmei</creator><creator>Zhou, Xin</creator><creator>Chen, Chunqing</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6806-716X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5775-911X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2629-3337</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202205</creationdate><title>Nitrogen Cycling Across a Salinity Gradient From the Pearl River Estuary to Offshore: Insight From Nitrate Dual Isotopes</title><author>Chen, Fajin ; Deng, Ziyun ; Lao, Qibin ; Bian, Peiwang ; Jin, Guangzhe ; Zhu, Qingmei ; Zhou, Xin ; Chen, Chunqing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2379-a898fd45182c003e4a2c3d79fb5a2f1cd81e0517815bac2f66d440d5f7ddaace3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Assimilation</topic><topic>biogeochemistry</topic><topic>Bottom water</topic><topic>Deltas</topic><topic>Denitrification</topic><topic>Depletion</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>Estuaries</topic><topic>Estuarine dynamics</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Isotopes</topic><topic>nitrate</topic><topic>nitrate dual isotopes</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrification</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen cycle</topic><topic>Northern South China Sea</topic><topic>Offshore</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Pearl River Estuary</topic><topic>Pore water</topic><topic>Rainy season</topic><topic>Remineralization</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Salinity gradients</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>Sewage</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Wet season</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Fajin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Ziyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lao, Qibin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bian, Peiwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Guangzhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Qingmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chunqing</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Fajin</au><au>Deng, Ziyun</au><au>Lao, Qibin</au><au>Bian, Peiwang</au><au>Jin, Guangzhe</au><au>Zhu, Qingmei</au><au>Zhou, Xin</au><au>Chen, Chunqing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nitrogen Cycling Across a Salinity Gradient From the Pearl River Estuary to Offshore: Insight From Nitrate Dual Isotopes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences</jtitle><date>2022-05</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>127</volume><issue>5</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>2169-8953</issn><eissn>2169-8961</eissn><abstract>Dual isotope measurements were performed on nitrate (δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3−) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS) to investigate nitrate sources and its biogeochemical processes during rainy season. Our results indicated that in the PRE, high nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, the sources of which included the reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer (29%), SN (nitrate derived from soil N) (18%), manure and sewage (10%), and atmospheric deposition (7%). In the nearshore area, nitrate was characterized by relatively high δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− values suggestive of incomplete nitrate assimilation. Besides, nitrification might be significant in the intermediate and bottom waters due to ammonia release from remineralization of sinking and sedimented organic matter (OM). In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− showed moderate values. In addition, δ18O‐NO3− exhibited a clear vertical gradient with a decrease from the surface to the bottom. A coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed, which left isotope imprints in bottom waters of the offshore area. In surface waters from the nearshore to the offshore area, although assimilation was the prominent process, the δ15N‐NO3− and δ18O‐NO3− relationship deviated from the 1:1 line, suggesting significant contribution of atmospheric deposition that increased offshore. Our study suggests the external source of nitrate shifts from anthropogenic nitrogen to atmospheric source in the continuous river–estuary–ocean system, and nitrification‐denitrification become more active as it goes seaward.
Plain Language Summary
A comprehensive understanding in nitrogen cycle and its sources in the upper Pearl River Estuary (PRE) to the offshore Northern South China Sea (NSCS) was presented in this study. High nitrate levels were associated with the intense human activities in PRE delta, and the nitrate sources mainly originated from reduced N fertilizer (29%). Incomplete nitrate assimilation and nitrification occurred in the nearshore area. In the offshore area, nitrate was depleted due to nearly complete utilization, and a coupled nitrification‐denitrification process in sediment porewater was supposed in the bottom water. Finally, an increasing contribution of atmospheric deposition to the nitrate sources was found in the surface water from the nearshore to the offshore area. This study suggests the external source of nitrogen shifts from anthropogenic nitrogen to atmospheric source in the continuous river–estuary–ocean system, and nitrification‐denitrification become more active from the Pearl River Estuary to offshore.
Key Points
New NO3− was added in the Pearl River Estuary, which was most likely sourced from remineralization of soil organic nitrogen
Assimilation was the prominent process in surface waters from the nearshore to the offshore area
The contribution of atmospheric deposition to nitrate increased and nitrification‐denitrification become more active seaward</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2022JG006862</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6806-716X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5775-911X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2629-3337</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 2169-8953 |
| ispartof | Journal of geophysical research. Biogeosciences, 2022-05, Vol.127 (5), p.n/a |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Ammonia Anthropogenic factors Assimilation biogeochemistry Bottom water Deltas Denitrification Depletion Deposition Estuaries Estuarine dynamics Fertilizers Human influences Isotopes nitrate nitrate dual isotopes Nitrates Nitrification Nitrogen Nitrogen cycle Northern South China Sea Offshore Organic matter Pearl River Estuary Pore water Rainy season Remineralization Rivers Salinity gradients Sediment Sewage Surface water Wet season |
| title | Nitrogen Cycling Across a Salinity Gradient From the Pearl River Estuary to Offshore: Insight From Nitrate Dual Isotopes |
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