Low-temperature metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in Fe–Ga alloys
Significant differences between the properties of Fe–Ga alloys (Galfenols) in their metastable and equilibrium states, as well as discrepancies between existing Fe–Ga phase diagrams and for the transition rates for the metastable to equilibrium state have been detected and discussed. In view of both...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Intermetallics 2022-06, Vol.145, p.107540, Article 107540 |
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creator | Mohamed, A.K. Palacheva, V.V. Cheverikin, V.V. Vershinina, T.N. Balagurov, A.M. Muralikrishna, G.M. Esakkiraja, N. Divinski, S.V. Wilde, G. Golovin, I.S. |
description | Significant differences between the properties of Fe–Ga alloys (Galfenols) in their metastable and equilibrium states, as well as discrepancies between existing Fe–Ga phase diagrams and for the transition rates for the metastable to equilibrium state have been detected and discussed. In view of both the fundamental understanding and the technological importance of these alloys, the exact knowledge of the equilibrium phase diagram, metastable phases, and the transition rates between different phase states towards equilibrium are necessary and require further clarification. We have studied the influence of alloy composition, annealing temperature and annealing time (up to 1800 h) on the metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in binary Fe–Ga using a coherent set of complementing methods, including diffraction methods (X-ray and neutron diffraction), scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. We propose several important changes to the low-temperature part of the binary Fe–Ga diagram close to the Fe-rich corner and a new method based on interdiffusion couples for varying the structure and phase states of Fe–Ga alloys.
•A quasi-binary Fe–Ga phase diagram is built to correct existing phase diagrams.•Most alloys do not achieve their equilibrium state even after annealing up to 1800 h.•A diffusion couple approach results in a fast-track determination of the diagrams. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.intermet.2022.107540 |
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•A quasi-binary Fe–Ga phase diagram is built to correct existing phase diagrams.•Most alloys do not achieve their equilibrium state even after annealing up to 1800 h.•A diffusion couple approach results in a fast-track determination of the diagrams.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0966-9795</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0216</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2022.107540</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Barking: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Annealing ; Electron backscatter diffraction ; Equilibrium ; Equilibrium and metastable states ; Fe-Ga phase Diagram ; Ferrous alloys ; First and second-order phase transitions ; Gallium base alloys ; Interdiffusion ; Interdiffusion couples ; Iron ; Low temperature ; Metastable phases ; Neutron diffraction ; Phase diagrams ; Phase transitions ; Scanning electron microscopy ; X-ray and neutron diffraction</subject><ispartof>Intermetallics, 2022-06, Vol.145, p.107540, Article 107540</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-ade3e6cb6cee43804f5a2d1f600dda06e4be70d3c32816e85367755527253ec13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-ade3e6cb6cee43804f5a2d1f600dda06e4be70d3c32816e85367755527253ec13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7748-5443 ; 0000-0002-5498-6405 ; 0000-0002-8211-7979 ; 0000-0001-5364-1440</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2022.107540$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mohamed, A.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palacheva, V.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheverikin, V.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vershinina, T.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balagurov, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muralikrishna, G.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esakkiraja, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Divinski, S.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilde, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golovin, I.S.</creatorcontrib><title>Low-temperature metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in Fe–Ga alloys</title><title>Intermetallics</title><description>Significant differences between the properties of Fe–Ga alloys (Galfenols) in their metastable and equilibrium states, as well as discrepancies between existing Fe–Ga phase diagrams and for the transition rates for the metastable to equilibrium state have been detected and discussed. In view of both the fundamental understanding and the technological importance of these alloys, the exact knowledge of the equilibrium phase diagram, metastable phases, and the transition rates between different phase states towards equilibrium are necessary and require further clarification. We have studied the influence of alloy composition, annealing temperature and annealing time (up to 1800 h) on the metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in binary Fe–Ga using a coherent set of complementing methods, including diffraction methods (X-ray and neutron diffraction), scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. We propose several important changes to the low-temperature part of the binary Fe–Ga diagram close to the Fe-rich corner and a new method based on interdiffusion couples for varying the structure and phase states of Fe–Ga alloys.
•A quasi-binary Fe–Ga phase diagram is built to correct existing phase diagrams.•Most alloys do not achieve their equilibrium state even after annealing up to 1800 h.•A diffusion couple approach results in a fast-track determination of the diagrams.</description><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Electron backscatter diffraction</subject><subject>Equilibrium</subject><subject>Equilibrium and metastable states</subject><subject>Fe-Ga phase Diagram</subject><subject>Ferrous alloys</subject><subject>First and second-order phase transitions</subject><subject>Gallium base alloys</subject><subject>Interdiffusion</subject><subject>Interdiffusion couples</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Metastable phases</subject><subject>Neutron diffraction</subject><subject>Phase diagrams</subject><subject>Phase transitions</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>X-ray and neutron diffraction</subject><issn>0966-9795</issn><issn>1879-0216</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkM1KxDAURoMoOI6-ghRcd8xPk7Q7ZXBGYcSNrkOa3mJK23SSVJmd7-Ab-iRWqmtXFy7fdy73IHRJ8IpgIq6ble0j-A7iimJKp6XkGT5CC5LLIsWUiGO0wIUQaSELforOQmgwJhIzvkCPO_eeRugG8DqOHpIJo0PUZQtpdCnsR9va0tuxS4ZXHSCJXvfBRuv6kNg-2cDXx-dWJ7pt3SGco5NatwEufucSvWzuntf36e5p-7C-3aWGShxTXQEDYUphADKW46zmmlakFhhXlcYCshIkrphhNCcCcs6ElJxzKilnYAhboquZO3i3HyFE1bjR99NJRYWQORdEyCkl5pTxLgQPtRq87bQ_KILVjzrVqD916kedmtVNxZu5CNMPbxa8CsZCb6CyHkxUlbP_Ib4B1B98fA</recordid><startdate>202206</startdate><enddate>202206</enddate><creator>Mohamed, A.K.</creator><creator>Palacheva, V.V.</creator><creator>Cheverikin, V.V.</creator><creator>Vershinina, T.N.</creator><creator>Balagurov, A.M.</creator><creator>Muralikrishna, G.M.</creator><creator>Esakkiraja, N.</creator><creator>Divinski, S.V.</creator><creator>Wilde, G.</creator><creator>Golovin, I.S.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-5443</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-6405</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-7979</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-1440</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202206</creationdate><title>Low-temperature metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in Fe–Ga alloys</title><author>Mohamed, A.K. ; Palacheva, V.V. ; Cheverikin, V.V. ; Vershinina, T.N. ; Balagurov, A.M. ; Muralikrishna, G.M. ; Esakkiraja, N. ; Divinski, S.V. ; Wilde, G. ; Golovin, I.S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-ade3e6cb6cee43804f5a2d1f600dda06e4be70d3c32816e85367755527253ec13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Electron backscatter diffraction</topic><topic>Equilibrium</topic><topic>Equilibrium and metastable states</topic><topic>Fe-Ga phase Diagram</topic><topic>Ferrous alloys</topic><topic>First and second-order phase transitions</topic><topic>Gallium base alloys</topic><topic>Interdiffusion</topic><topic>Interdiffusion couples</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Metastable phases</topic><topic>Neutron diffraction</topic><topic>Phase diagrams</topic><topic>Phase transitions</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>X-ray and neutron diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mohamed, A.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palacheva, V.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheverikin, V.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vershinina, T.N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balagurov, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muralikrishna, G.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esakkiraja, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Divinski, S.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilde, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golovin, I.S.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Intermetallics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mohamed, A.K.</au><au>Palacheva, V.V.</au><au>Cheverikin, V.V.</au><au>Vershinina, T.N.</au><au>Balagurov, A.M.</au><au>Muralikrishna, G.M.</au><au>Esakkiraja, N.</au><au>Divinski, S.V.</au><au>Wilde, G.</au><au>Golovin, I.S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low-temperature metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in Fe–Ga alloys</atitle><jtitle>Intermetallics</jtitle><date>2022-06</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>145</volume><spage>107540</spage><pages>107540-</pages><artnum>107540</artnum><issn>0966-9795</issn><eissn>1879-0216</eissn><abstract>Significant differences between the properties of Fe–Ga alloys (Galfenols) in their metastable and equilibrium states, as well as discrepancies between existing Fe–Ga phase diagrams and for the transition rates for the metastable to equilibrium state have been detected and discussed. In view of both the fundamental understanding and the technological importance of these alloys, the exact knowledge of the equilibrium phase diagram, metastable phases, and the transition rates between different phase states towards equilibrium are necessary and require further clarification. We have studied the influence of alloy composition, annealing temperature and annealing time (up to 1800 h) on the metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in binary Fe–Ga using a coherent set of complementing methods, including diffraction methods (X-ray and neutron diffraction), scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. We propose several important changes to the low-temperature part of the binary Fe–Ga diagram close to the Fe-rich corner and a new method based on interdiffusion couples for varying the structure and phase states of Fe–Ga alloys.
•A quasi-binary Fe–Ga phase diagram is built to correct existing phase diagrams.•Most alloys do not achieve their equilibrium state even after annealing up to 1800 h.•A diffusion couple approach results in a fast-track determination of the diagrams.</abstract><cop>Barking</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.intermet.2022.107540</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-5443</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-6405</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-7979</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-1440</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Annealing Electron backscatter diffraction Equilibrium Equilibrium and metastable states Fe-Ga phase Diagram Ferrous alloys First and second-order phase transitions Gallium base alloys Interdiffusion Interdiffusion couples Iron Low temperature Metastable phases Neutron diffraction Phase diagrams Phase transitions Scanning electron microscopy X-ray and neutron diffraction |
title | Low-temperature metastable-to-equilibrium phase transitions in Fe–Ga alloys |
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