How have journalists been affected psychologically by their coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic? A descriptive study of two international news organisations
ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented healthcare challenges. Journalists covering the pandemic at close quarters are working in ways akin to first responders, but nothing to date is known of the psychological distress this is potentially causing them. This study aims to determi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ open 2021-07, Vol.11 (7), p.e045675-e045675, Article 045675 |
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| creator | Osmann, Jonas Selva, Meera Feinstein, Anthony |
| description | ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented healthcare challenges. Journalists covering the pandemic at close quarters are working in ways akin to first responders, but nothing to date is known of the psychological distress this is potentially causing them. This study aims to determine whether journalists reporting on the COVID-19 crisis have been affected emotionally, and if so to assess the severity of their distress. It also investigates potential demographic and work-related predictors and whether news organisations had provided counselling to their journalists.ParticipantsA total of 111 journalists working for two international news organisations were approached of which 73 (66%) participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSymptoms of anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7)), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)), overall psychological distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)), and treatment.ResultsThe percentages of journalists exceeding threshold scores for clinically significant anxiety, depression, PTSD and psychological distress were: GAD-7, 26%; PHQ-9, 20.5%; PCL-5, 9.6%; GHQ-12, 82.2%. Journalists assigned to cover the pandemic (n=54 (74%)) were significantly more anxious (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045675 |
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A descriptive study of two international news organisations</title><source>BMJ Open Access Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Web of Science - Social Sciences Citation Index – 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><creator>Osmann, Jonas ; Selva, Meera ; Feinstein, Anthony</creator><creatorcontrib>Osmann, Jonas ; Selva, Meera ; Feinstein, Anthony</creatorcontrib><description>ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented healthcare challenges. Journalists covering the pandemic at close quarters are working in ways akin to first responders, but nothing to date is known of the psychological distress this is potentially causing them. This study aims to determine whether journalists reporting on the COVID-19 crisis have been affected emotionally, and if so to assess the severity of their distress. It also investigates potential demographic and work-related predictors and whether news organisations had provided counselling to their journalists.ParticipantsA total of 111 journalists working for two international news organisations were approached of which 73 (66%) participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSymptoms of anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7)), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)), overall psychological distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)), and treatment.ResultsThe percentages of journalists exceeding threshold scores for clinically significant anxiety, depression, PTSD and psychological distress were: GAD-7, 26%; PHQ-9, 20.5%; PCL-5, 9.6%; GHQ-12, 82.2%. Journalists assigned to cover the pandemic (n=54 (74%)) were significantly more anxious (p<0.05). Journalists who received counselling (n=38 (52%)) following the onset of the pandemic reported significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety (p<0.01), depression (p<0.01) and overall psychological distress (p<0.01).ConclusionsJournalists covering the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing levels of anxiety and depression similar to those seen in first responders. Psychological therapy provided in a timely manner can significantly alleviate emotional distress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045675</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34253664</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LONDON: Bmj Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Alcohol ; Anxiety - epidemiology ; Anxiety disorders ; Coronaviruses ; Counseling ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data collection ; Depression - epidemiology ; Gender ; General & Internal Medicine ; Humans ; Journalism ; Journalists ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Likert scale ; Medicine, General & Internal ; Mental depression ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Post traumatic stress disorder ; Quantitative psychology ; Questionnaires ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Science & Technology ; Statistical analysis ; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>BMJ open, 2021-07, Vol.11 (7), p.e045675-e045675, Article 045675</ispartof><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><rights>2021 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>14</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000691612700010</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b538t-59ce50cda3cbd9039ac9501302a11c57cbd26196fe15da665b4699050093bbb13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b538t-59ce50cda3cbd9039ac9501302a11c57cbd26196fe15da665b4699050093bbb13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2540-4824</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/7/e045675.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/7/e045675.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2106,2118,27558,27559,27933,27934,39266,39267,53800,53802,77611,77642</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34253664$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Osmann, Jonas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selva, Meera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feinstein, Anthony</creatorcontrib><title>How have journalists been affected psychologically by their coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic? A descriptive study of two international news organisations</title><title>BMJ open</title><addtitle>BMJ OPEN</addtitle><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><description>ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented healthcare challenges. Journalists covering the pandemic at close quarters are working in ways akin to first responders, but nothing to date is known of the psychological distress this is potentially causing them. This study aims to determine whether journalists reporting on the COVID-19 crisis have been affected emotionally, and if so to assess the severity of their distress. It also investigates potential demographic and work-related predictors and whether news organisations had provided counselling to their journalists.ParticipantsA total of 111 journalists working for two international news organisations were approached of which 73 (66%) participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSymptoms of anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7)), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)), overall psychological distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)), and treatment.ResultsThe percentages of journalists exceeding threshold scores for clinically significant anxiety, depression, PTSD and psychological distress were: GAD-7, 26%; PHQ-9, 20.5%; PCL-5, 9.6%; GHQ-12, 82.2%. Journalists assigned to cover the pandemic (n=54 (74%)) were significantly more anxious (p<0.05). Journalists who received counselling (n=38 (52%)) following the onset of the pandemic reported significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety (p<0.01), depression (p<0.01) and overall psychological distress (p<0.01).ConclusionsJournalists covering the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing levels of anxiety and depression similar to those seen in first responders. Psychological therapy provided in a timely manner can significantly alleviate emotional distress.</description><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Anxiety - epidemiology</subject><subject>Anxiety disorders</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>Counseling</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Depression - epidemiology</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>General & Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Journalism</subject><subject>Journalists</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Likert scale</subject><subject>Medicine, General & Internal</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental Health</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Post traumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Quantitative psychology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</subject><issn>2044-6055</issn><issn>2044-6055</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>9YT</sourceid><sourceid>ACMMV</sourceid><sourceid>GIZIO</sourceid><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt9q2zAUxs3YWEvXJxgMwW4GxZ0kS3J0s1GyPy0UerPtVsjycaLgSJ4kJ-RV9rRT4iy0u6pvLI5-5zufOF9RvCX4mpBKfGzWKz-AKymmuMSMi5q_KM4pZqwUmPOXj85nxWWMK5w_xiXn9HVxVjHKKyHYefHn1m_RUm8ArfwYnO5tTBE1AA7prgOToEVD3Jml7_3CGt33O9TsUFqCDcj4DQS9AOS7fQXNH37dfSmJRIN2Layt-YxuUAvRBDskm2fENLa7A731yLoEeWKyPo9FDrYR-bDQzsZDLb4pXnW6j3B5_F8UP799_TG_Le8fvt_Nb-7LhlezVHJpgGPT6so0rcSV1EZyTCpMNSGG17lKBZGiA8JbLQRvmJASc4xl1TQNqS6Ku0m39XqlhmDXOuyU11YdCtmT0iFZ04NqMauIFoxSwxiwLEU54xpDK8RMEpa1Pk1aw9isoTXgUtD9E9GnN84u1cJv1IzWNZvJLPDhKBD87xFiUmsbDfS9duDHqCjnhOYE1Dij7_9DjyvMVN6t3C97_7pqokzwMQboTmYIVvsoqWOU1D5KaopS7nr3-B2nnn_BycDVBGyh8V00FpyBE5azJiQRhNb5RPZWZ8-n5zYdAjD3o0u59XpqzTafZf0v3Lj3Nw</recordid><startdate>20210712</startdate><enddate>20210712</enddate><creator>Osmann, Jonas</creator><creator>Selva, Meera</creator><creator>Feinstein, Anthony</creator><general>Bmj Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><scope>9YT</scope><scope>ACMMV</scope><scope>17B</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>DVR</scope><scope>EGQ</scope><scope>GIZIO</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-4824</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210712</creationdate><title>How have journalists been affected psychologically by their coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic? A descriptive study of two international news organisations</title><author>Osmann, Jonas ; Selva, Meera ; Feinstein, Anthony</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b538t-59ce50cda3cbd9039ac9501302a11c57cbd26196fe15da665b4699050093bbb13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Anxiety - epidemiology</topic><topic>Anxiety disorders</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>Counseling</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Depression - epidemiology</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>General & Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Journalism</topic><topic>Journalists</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Likert scale</topic><topic>Medicine, General & Internal</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mental Health</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Post traumatic stress disorder</topic><topic>Quantitative psychology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Osmann, Jonas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selva, Meera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feinstein, Anthony</creatorcontrib><collection>BMJ Open Access Journals</collection><collection>BMJ Journals:Open Access</collection><collection>Web of Knowledge</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Social Sciences Citation Index</collection><collection>Web of Science Primary (SCIE, SSCI & AHCI)</collection><collection>Web of Science - Social Sciences Citation Index – 2021</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Osmann, Jonas</au><au>Selva, Meera</au><au>Feinstein, Anthony</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>How have journalists been affected psychologically by their coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic? A descriptive study of two international news organisations</atitle><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle><stitle>BMJ OPEN</stitle><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><date>2021-07-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e045675</spage><epage>e045675</epage><pages>e045675-e045675</pages><artnum>045675</artnum><issn>2044-6055</issn><eissn>2044-6055</eissn><abstract>ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented healthcare challenges. Journalists covering the pandemic at close quarters are working in ways akin to first responders, but nothing to date is known of the psychological distress this is potentially causing them. This study aims to determine whether journalists reporting on the COVID-19 crisis have been affected emotionally, and if so to assess the severity of their distress. It also investigates potential demographic and work-related predictors and whether news organisations had provided counselling to their journalists.ParticipantsA total of 111 journalists working for two international news organisations were approached of which 73 (66%) participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSymptoms of anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7)), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)), overall psychological distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)), and treatment.ResultsThe percentages of journalists exceeding threshold scores for clinically significant anxiety, depression, PTSD and psychological distress were: GAD-7, 26%; PHQ-9, 20.5%; PCL-5, 9.6%; GHQ-12, 82.2%. Journalists assigned to cover the pandemic (n=54 (74%)) were significantly more anxious (p<0.05). Journalists who received counselling (n=38 (52%)) following the onset of the pandemic reported significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety (p<0.01), depression (p<0.01) and overall psychological distress (p<0.01).ConclusionsJournalists covering the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing levels of anxiety and depression similar to those seen in first responders. Psychological therapy provided in a timely manner can significantly alleviate emotional distress.</abstract><cop>LONDON</cop><pub>Bmj Publishing Group</pub><pmid>34253664</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045675</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-4824</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alcohol Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety disorders Coronaviruses Counseling COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Data collection Depression - epidemiology Gender General & Internal Medicine Humans Journalism Journalists Life Sciences & Biomedicine Likert scale Medicine, General & Internal Mental depression Mental Health Pandemics Post traumatic stress disorder Quantitative psychology Questionnaires SARS-CoV-2 Science & Technology Statistical analysis Stress, Psychological - epidemiology |
| title | How have journalists been affected psychologically by their coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic? A descriptive study of two international news organisations |
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