Fatty acid composition, squalene and elements in apple by-products: comparison between ancient cultivars and commercial varieties
The manufacturing of apple-based products leads to high volumes of apple pomace (about 25% of the fresh fruit), whose exploitation would be desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of bioactive substances and elements in this waste material. Fatty acids, squalene content and m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European food research & technology 2022-06, Vol.248 (6), p.1541-1551 |
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| creator | Scortichini, Serena Appignanesi, Diego Zannotti, Marco D’Amato, Chiara Anna Lenti, Lucia Maggi, Filippo Ferraro, Stefano Fiorini, Dennis Giovannetti, Rita |
| description | The manufacturing of apple-based products leads to high volumes of apple pomace (about 25% of the fresh fruit), whose exploitation would be desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of bioactive substances and elements in this waste material. Fatty acids, squalene content and mineral composition were determined in peel and seeds of the fruits of four commercial varieties and seven ancient cultivars. Peel lipid extract resulted to have optimal
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-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (1.5–7.6), encouraging possible exploitations in nutraceutical formulations. Squalene, a triterpene with several bioactivities, showed a content of 1.7–24.7 and 0.9–2.9 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively, with the highest values in commercial varieties. Regarding the mineral content, resulted to be generally higher in ancient varieties, potassium was the most abundant (56.1–91.3 and 80.0–193.1 mg/100 g, in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), followed by phosphorus (26.8–63.8 and 8.7–75.3 mg/100 g, respectively) and magnesium (24.3–47.7 and 5.3–30.8 mg/100 g, respectively). Among micronutrients, apple pomace resulted to be a good source of iron (0.32–0.98 and 0.11–0.78 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), manganese (0.25–0.60 and 0.05–0.33 mg/100 g, respectively) and zinc (0.15–0.42 and 0.03–0.12 mg/100 g, respectively). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00217-022-03983-3 |
| format | Article |
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n
-6/
n
-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (1.5–7.6), encouraging possible exploitations in nutraceutical formulations. Squalene, a triterpene with several bioactivities, showed a content of 1.7–24.7 and 0.9–2.9 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively, with the highest values in commercial varieties. Regarding the mineral content, resulted to be generally higher in ancient varieties, potassium was the most abundant (56.1–91.3 and 80.0–193.1 mg/100 g, in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), followed by phosphorus (26.8–63.8 and 8.7–75.3 mg/100 g, respectively) and magnesium (24.3–47.7 and 5.3–30.8 mg/100 g, respectively). Among micronutrients, apple pomace resulted to be a good source of iron (0.32–0.98 and 0.11–0.78 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), manganese (0.25–0.60 and 0.05–0.33 mg/100 g, respectively) and zinc (0.15–0.42 and 0.03–0.12 mg/100 g, respectively).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1438-2377</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1438-2385</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-03983-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Analytical Chemistry ; Apple pomace ; Apples ; Biological activity ; Biotechnology ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Composition ; Cultivars ; Fatty acid composition ; Fatty acids ; Food Science ; Forestry ; Fruits ; Functional foods & nutraceuticals ; Lipids ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Micronutrients ; Mineral composition ; Original Paper ; Phosphorus ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Seeds ; Squalene ; Waste materials</subject><ispartof>European food research & technology, 2022-06, Vol.248 (6), p.1541-1551</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2919eb8fce167b9b4cf09f8d0424e08bde5df1a13e39cf8bd3afe364a17705b93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2919eb8fce167b9b4cf09f8d0424e08bde5df1a13e39cf8bd3afe364a17705b93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00217-022-03983-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00217-022-03983-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Scortichini, Serena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Appignanesi, Diego</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zannotti, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D’Amato, Chiara Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenti, Lucia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maggi, Filippo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferraro, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiorini, Dennis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giovannetti, Rita</creatorcontrib><title>Fatty acid composition, squalene and elements in apple by-products: comparison between ancient cultivars and commercial varieties</title><title>European food research & technology</title><addtitle>Eur Food Res Technol</addtitle><description>The manufacturing of apple-based products leads to high volumes of apple pomace (about 25% of the fresh fruit), whose exploitation would be desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of bioactive substances and elements in this waste material. Fatty acids, squalene content and mineral composition were determined in peel and seeds of the fruits of four commercial varieties and seven ancient cultivars. Peel lipid extract resulted to have optimal
n
-6/
n
-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (1.5–7.6), encouraging possible exploitations in nutraceutical formulations. Squalene, a triterpene with several bioactivities, showed a content of 1.7–24.7 and 0.9–2.9 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively, with the highest values in commercial varieties. Regarding the mineral content, resulted to be generally higher in ancient varieties, potassium was the most abundant (56.1–91.3 and 80.0–193.1 mg/100 g, in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), followed by phosphorus (26.8–63.8 and 8.7–75.3 mg/100 g, respectively) and magnesium (24.3–47.7 and 5.3–30.8 mg/100 g, respectively). Among micronutrients, apple pomace resulted to be a good source of iron (0.32–0.98 and 0.11–0.78 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), manganese (0.25–0.60 and 0.05–0.33 mg/100 g, respectively) and zinc (0.15–0.42 and 0.03–0.12 mg/100 g, respectively).</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Analytical Chemistry</subject><subject>Apple pomace</subject><subject>Apples</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Fatty acid composition</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Micronutrients</subject><subject>Mineral composition</subject><subject>Original 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acid composition, squalene and elements in apple by-products: comparison between ancient cultivars and commercial varieties</title><author>Scortichini, Serena ; Appignanesi, Diego ; Zannotti, Marco ; D’Amato, Chiara Anna ; Lenti, Lucia ; Maggi, Filippo ; Ferraro, Stefano ; Fiorini, Dennis ; Giovannetti, Rita</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2919eb8fce167b9b4cf09f8d0424e08bde5df1a13e39cf8bd3afe364a17705b93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Analytical Chemistry</topic><topic>Apple pomace</topic><topic>Apples</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Fatty acid composition</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Food 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Serena</au><au>Appignanesi, Diego</au><au>Zannotti, Marco</au><au>D’Amato, Chiara Anna</au><au>Lenti, Lucia</au><au>Maggi, Filippo</au><au>Ferraro, Stefano</au><au>Fiorini, Dennis</au><au>Giovannetti, Rita</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fatty acid composition, squalene and elements in apple by-products: comparison between ancient cultivars and commercial varieties</atitle><jtitle>European food research & technology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Food Res Technol</stitle><date>2022-06-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>248</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1541</spage><epage>1551</epage><pages>1541-1551</pages><issn>1438-2377</issn><eissn>1438-2385</eissn><abstract>The manufacturing of apple-based products leads to high volumes of apple pomace (about 25% of the fresh fruit), whose exploitation would be desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of bioactive substances and elements in this waste material. Fatty acids, squalene content and mineral composition were determined in peel and seeds of the fruits of four commercial varieties and seven ancient cultivars. Peel lipid extract resulted to have optimal
n
-6/
n
-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (1.5–7.6), encouraging possible exploitations in nutraceutical formulations. Squalene, a triterpene with several bioactivities, showed a content of 1.7–24.7 and 0.9–2.9 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively, with the highest values in commercial varieties. Regarding the mineral content, resulted to be generally higher in ancient varieties, potassium was the most abundant (56.1–91.3 and 80.0–193.1 mg/100 g, in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), followed by phosphorus (26.8–63.8 and 8.7–75.3 mg/100 g, respectively) and magnesium (24.3–47.7 and 5.3–30.8 mg/100 g, respectively). Among micronutrients, apple pomace resulted to be a good source of iron (0.32–0.98 and 0.11–0.78 mg/100 g in fresh seeds and peels, respectively), manganese (0.25–0.60 and 0.05–0.33 mg/100 g, respectively) and zinc (0.15–0.42 and 0.03–0.12 mg/100 g, respectively).</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00217-022-03983-3</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agriculture Analytical Chemistry Apple pomace Apples Biological activity Biotechnology Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Composition Cultivars Fatty acid composition Fatty acids Food Science Forestry Fruits Functional foods & nutraceuticals Lipids Magnesium Manganese Micronutrients Mineral composition Original Paper Phosphorus Polyunsaturated fatty acids Seeds Squalene Waste materials |
| title | Fatty acid composition, squalene and elements in apple by-products: comparison between ancient cultivars and commercial varieties |
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