Modelling and design of observer based smooth sliding mode controller for heart rhythm regulation

The normal human blood circulation is associated with performance of three main parts of the human heart namely, SA Node, AV node and HP complex. Arrhythmia are experienced by more than 2 million people in the UK consisting of heart related problems, namely, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, bradycardia and heart block. Bradycardia is a heart condition wherein an adult individual’s heart rate falls under 60 beats per minute (BPM) with symptoms arising in heart rates below 50 BPM. There is strong evidence in support of treating patients of bradycardia by applying a regular external signal to the heart by a closed-loop control system. The current script investigates effectiveness of heart rate control systems depending on the spatial characteristics of the control input. A dynamics model is derived to simulate the behaviour of the Electrocardiogram signal and differentiate a healthy heartbeat from that of patients with the heart condition. An observer-based MIMO sliding mode controller is implemented to track the normal heart rate signal in patients with bradycardia heart condition. Alongside this, an extended state observer is applied for estimating the uncertainties in the biological system. The current research reports on findings on applications of sliding mode controller on synthetic data generated by mathematical models and provides an insight into potential contribution of the research in treatment of the patients with the bradycardia heart condition.