Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters Along with the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Effluents Released from Different Industries in Kathmandu Valley
Industrial effluents are one of the major sources of environmental pollution. The major objective of the study was to assess the physico-chemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals in industrial effluents of industries in Kathmandu Valley. Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2022-05, Vol.233 (5), Article 176 |
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| description | Industrial effluents are one of the major sources of environmental pollution. The major objective of the study was to assess the physico-chemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals in industrial effluents of industries in Kathmandu Valley. Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved salts, total suspended solids, hardness, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, chloride, and nitrate were analyzed. Likewise, the concentration of heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) was also determined. On average, total suspended solids, calcium hardness, and nitrate were found above the permissible limits whereas the rest of the Physico-chemical parameters were found within the permissible limits. Regarding heavy metals, the total mean concentration of all the samples was observed in the following sequence: Fe > As > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The levels of heavy metals particularly Fe, Pb, Zn, and As were found to exceed the national and international standard limits. The Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations (
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11270-022-05645-2 |
| format | Article |
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p
< 0.01 and
p
< 0.05) between most of the metals in the samples of effluents. The result suggested that effluents discharged from various industries are of potential threat to surface and groundwater sources as well as to human health. Thus, the construction of wastewater treatment plants is recommended in every industry for reuse purposes or discharging into the environment. Moreover, strict environmental laws must be created among the industries concerning the potential hazard of industrial effluents to the environment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-6979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11270-022-05645-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Alkalinity ; Arsenic ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Cadmium ; Calcium ; Calcium chloride ; Calcium nitrate ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Copper ; Correlation analysis ; Discharge ; Dissolved salts ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Effluents ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Environment ; Environmental law ; Environmental monitoring ; Groundwater ; Hardness ; Heavy metals ; Hydrogeology ; Industrial effluents ; Industrial pollution ; Industrial wastes ; Industrial wastewater ; Industry ; International standards ; Iron ; Lead ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mechanical properties ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Nickel ; Parameters ; Pollution sources ; Purification ; Salts ; Sewage ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Solid suspensions ; Suspended particulate matter ; Total suspended solids ; Turbidity ; Valleys ; Wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Water hardness ; Water Quality/Water Pollution ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Water, air, and soil pollution, 2022-05, Vol.233 (5), Article 176</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Springer</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-20314086d885be0ce92d59a2824ceeb8eca79b824ef2065afe411a87fd8eaf523</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c288t-20314086d885be0ce92d59a2824ceeb8eca79b824ef2065afe411a87fd8eaf523</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-022-05645-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11270-022-05645-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Koju, Neel Kamal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sherpa, Chhimi Dolker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koju, Narayan Prasad</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters Along with the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Effluents Released from Different Industries in Kathmandu Valley</title><title>Water, air, and soil pollution</title><addtitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</addtitle><description>Industrial effluents are one of the major sources of environmental pollution. The major objective of the study was to assess the physico-chemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals in industrial effluents of industries in Kathmandu Valley. Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved salts, total suspended solids, hardness, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, chloride, and nitrate were analyzed. Likewise, the concentration of heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) was also determined. On average, total suspended solids, calcium hardness, and nitrate were found above the permissible limits whereas the rest of the Physico-chemical parameters were found within the permissible limits. Regarding heavy metals, the total mean concentration of all the samples was observed in the following sequence: Fe > As > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The levels of heavy metals particularly Fe, Pb, Zn, and As were found to exceed the national and international standard limits. The Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations (
p
< 0.01 and
p
< 0.05) between most of the metals in the samples of effluents. The result suggested that effluents discharged from various industries are of potential threat to surface and groundwater sources as well as to human health. Thus, the construction of wastewater treatment plants is recommended in every industry for reuse purposes or discharging into the environment. Moreover, strict environmental laws must be created among the industries concerning the potential hazard of industrial effluents to the environment.</description><subject>Alkalinity</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium chloride</subject><subject>Calcium nitrate</subject><subject>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Discharge</subject><subject>Dissolved salts</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Effluents</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental law</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hardness</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Industrial effluents</subject><subject>Industrial pollution</subject><subject>Industrial wastes</subject><subject>Industrial wastewater</subject><subject>Industry</subject><subject>International standards</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Nickel</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Purification</subject><subject>Salts</subject><subject>Sewage</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Solid suspensions</subject><subject>Suspended particulate matter</subject><subject>Total suspended solids</subject><subject>Turbidity</subject><subject>Valleys</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment plants</subject><subject>Water hardness</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water 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Pollut</stitle><date>2022-05-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>233</volume><issue>5</issue><artnum>176</artnum><issn>0049-6979</issn><eissn>1573-2932</eissn><abstract>Industrial effluents are one of the major sources of environmental pollution. The major objective of the study was to assess the physico-chemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals in industrial effluents of industries in Kathmandu Valley. Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved salts, total suspended solids, hardness, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, chloride, and nitrate were analyzed. Likewise, the concentration of heavy metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) was also determined. On average, total suspended solids, calcium hardness, and nitrate were found above the permissible limits whereas the rest of the Physico-chemical parameters were found within the permissible limits. Regarding heavy metals, the total mean concentration of all the samples was observed in the following sequence: Fe > As > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The levels of heavy metals particularly Fe, Pb, Zn, and As were found to exceed the national and international standard limits. The Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations (
p
< 0.01 and
p
< 0.05) between most of the metals in the samples of effluents. The result suggested that effluents discharged from various industries are of potential threat to surface and groundwater sources as well as to human health. Thus, the construction of wastewater treatment plants is recommended in every industry for reuse purposes or discharging into the environment. Moreover, strict environmental laws must be created among the industries concerning the potential hazard of industrial effluents to the environment.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s11270-022-05645-2</doi></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alkalinity Arsenic Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Cadmium Calcium Calcium chloride Calcium nitrate Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts Copper Correlation analysis Discharge Dissolved salts Earth and Environmental Science Effluents Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Environment Environmental law Environmental monitoring Groundwater Hardness Heavy metals Hydrogeology Industrial effluents Industrial pollution Industrial wastes Industrial wastewater Industry International standards Iron Lead Magnesium Manganese Mechanical properties Metal concentrations Metals Nickel Parameters Pollution sources Purification Salts Sewage Soil Science & Conservation Solid suspensions Suspended particulate matter Total suspended solids Turbidity Valleys Wastewater Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment plants Water hardness Water Quality/Water Pollution Zinc |
| title | Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters Along with the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Effluents Released from Different Industries in Kathmandu Valley |
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