Variability in Soil Parent Materials at Different Development Stages Controlled Phosphorus Fractions and Its Uptake by Maize Crop
An adequate phosphorus (P) supply in the rhizosphere is essential for proper P uptake through plant roots. Distributions of P varies depending on the soil structure, formation, and the parent material from which it originates. More research is needed to determine whether soil depth and parent materi...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2022-05, Vol.14 (9), p.5048 |
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description | An adequate phosphorus (P) supply in the rhizosphere is essential for proper P uptake through plant roots. Distributions of P varies depending on the soil structure, formation, and the parent material from which it originates. More research is needed to determine whether soil depth and parent materials have an impact on P distribution. It was hypothesized that the type of soil formed by different parent materials is related to P uptake and soil P fractions. Soil samples were taken from different profiles at various stages of development in loess, alluvium, shale, and sandstone parent materials. The samples were analyzed for P fractions using the Jiang and Gu fractionation scheme. In the present study, the P fractions were controlled according to the quantity and the components, such as organic matter, clay minerals, carbonates, iron, and aluminum oxides. Studying the phosphatase enzyme activity related to P fractions, the soil parent material, and their development was highly beneficial in defining which P pools are more accessible to plants, as well as the effect of phosphatase in limiting P availability. Among all the tested parent materials, the total P in soils derived from the loess parent material was higher (792 mg kg−1) than in soils derived from alluvium, shale, and sandstone, respectively. The amount of apatite P in alluvium parent material was higher, accounting for 51–56% of total P. Other P forms varied significantly in parent materials in the following order loess > alluvium > shale >> sandstone. Phosphatase enzyme was found to be an indicator of P availability by limiting its uptake by plants. |
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Distributions of P varies depending on the soil structure, formation, and the parent material from which it originates. More research is needed to determine whether soil depth and parent materials have an impact on P distribution. It was hypothesized that the type of soil formed by different parent materials is related to P uptake and soil P fractions. Soil samples were taken from different profiles at various stages of development in loess, alluvium, shale, and sandstone parent materials. The samples were analyzed for P fractions using the Jiang and Gu fractionation scheme. In the present study, the P fractions were controlled according to the quantity and the components, such as organic matter, clay minerals, carbonates, iron, and aluminum oxides. Studying the phosphatase enzyme activity related to P fractions, the soil parent material, and their development was highly beneficial in defining which P pools are more accessible to plants, as well as the effect of phosphatase in limiting P availability. Among all the tested parent materials, the total P in soils derived from the loess parent material was higher (792 mg kg−1) than in soils derived from alluvium, shale, and sandstone, respectively. The amount of apatite P in alluvium parent material was higher, accounting for 51–56% of total P. Other P forms varied significantly in parent materials in the following order loess > alluvium > shale >> sandstone. Phosphatase enzyme was found to be an indicator of P availability by limiting its uptake by plants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su14095048</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alluvial deposits ; Alluvium ; Aluminum ; Aluminum oxide ; Apatite ; Availability ; Bioavailability ; Carbonates ; Cereal crops ; Clay ; Clay minerals ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzyme activity ; Enzymes ; Fractionation ; Fractions ; Loess ; Minerals ; Organic matter ; Phosphatase ; Phosphorus ; Plant roots ; Rhizosphere ; Sandstone ; Shale ; Sodium ; Soil depth ; Soil structure</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2022-05, Vol.14 (9), p.5048</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Distributions of P varies depending on the soil structure, formation, and the parent material from which it originates. More research is needed to determine whether soil depth and parent materials have an impact on P distribution. It was hypothesized that the type of soil formed by different parent materials is related to P uptake and soil P fractions. Soil samples were taken from different profiles at various stages of development in loess, alluvium, shale, and sandstone parent materials. The samples were analyzed for P fractions using the Jiang and Gu fractionation scheme. In the present study, the P fractions were controlled according to the quantity and the components, such as organic matter, clay minerals, carbonates, iron, and aluminum oxides. Studying the phosphatase enzyme activity related to P fractions, the soil parent material, and their development was highly beneficial in defining which P pools are more accessible to plants, as well as the effect of phosphatase in limiting P availability. Among all the tested parent materials, the total P in soils derived from the loess parent material was higher (792 mg kg−1) than in soils derived from alluvium, shale, and sandstone, respectively. The amount of apatite P in alluvium parent material was higher, accounting for 51–56% of total P. Other P forms varied significantly in parent materials in the following order loess > alluvium > shale >> sandstone. Phosphatase enzyme was found to be an indicator of P availability by limiting its uptake by plants.</description><subject>Alluvial deposits</subject><subject>Alluvium</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Apatite</subject><subject>Availability</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Cereal crops</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Clay minerals</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzyme activity</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Fractionation</subject><subject>Fractions</subject><subject>Loess</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Phosphatase</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Plant roots</subject><subject>Rhizosphere</subject><subject>Sandstone</subject><subject>Shale</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Soil depth</subject><subject>Soil structure</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUE1Lw0AQXUTBUnvxFyx4E6K7O22yOUrqR6FiodZr2CQTuzXNxt2NUG_-c7dW0LnMm5k378Ej5JyzK4CUXbuej1k6YWN5RAaCJTzibMKO_-FTMnJuw0IB8JTHA_L1oqxWhW6031Hd0qXRDV0oi62nj8pjODaOKk-nuq7xZz3FD2xMt93jpVev6GhmWm9N02BFF2vjurWxvaN3VpVemzb8txWdeUdXnVdvSItd0NafSDNrujNyUgcPHP32IVnd3T5nD9H86X6W3cyjUqQTH2EiipjJooIUizoZA1dSSiYxTiRLKyhEIpCJKqlVyUAxBSqGusIUYghzAUNycdDtrHnv0fl8Y3rbBstcxDFwLgSHwLo8sEprnLNY553VW2V3OWf5PuX8L2X4BnH6cCU</recordid><startdate>20220501</startdate><enddate>20220501</enddate><creator>Mahmood, Mohsin</creator><creator>Xu, Tianwei</creator><creator>Ahmed, Waqas</creator><creator>Yang, Jie</creator><creator>Li, Jiannan</creator><creator>Mehmood, Sajid</creator><creator>Liu, Wenjie</creator><creator>Weng, Jiechang</creator><creator>Li, Weidong</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-5138</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220501</creationdate><title>Variability in Soil Parent Materials at Different Development Stages Controlled Phosphorus Fractions and Its Uptake by Maize Crop</title><author>Mahmood, Mohsin ; 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Distributions of P varies depending on the soil structure, formation, and the parent material from which it originates. More research is needed to determine whether soil depth and parent materials have an impact on P distribution. It was hypothesized that the type of soil formed by different parent materials is related to P uptake and soil P fractions. Soil samples were taken from different profiles at various stages of development in loess, alluvium, shale, and sandstone parent materials. The samples were analyzed for P fractions using the Jiang and Gu fractionation scheme. In the present study, the P fractions were controlled according to the quantity and the components, such as organic matter, clay minerals, carbonates, iron, and aluminum oxides. 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subjects | Alluvial deposits Alluvium Aluminum Aluminum oxide Apatite Availability Bioavailability Carbonates Cereal crops Clay Clay minerals Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Enzymes Fractionation Fractions Loess Minerals Organic matter Phosphatase Phosphorus Plant roots Rhizosphere Sandstone Shale Sodium Soil depth Soil structure |
title | Variability in Soil Parent Materials at Different Development Stages Controlled Phosphorus Fractions and Its Uptake by Maize Crop |
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