A small vessel detection using a co-located multi-frequency FMCW MIMO radar
Small vessels detection is a known issue due to its low radar cross section (RCS). An existing shore-based vessel tracking radar is for long-distance commercial vessels detection. Meanwhile, a vessel-mounted radar system known for its reliability has a limitation due to its single radar coverage. Th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of electrical and computer engineering (Malacca, Malacca) Malacca), 2021-12, Vol.11 (6), p.5144 |
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| container_title | International journal of electrical and computer engineering (Malacca, Malacca) |
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| creator | Zainuddin, Suraya Abd Rashid, Nur Emileen Pasya, Idnin Raja Abdullah, Raja Syamsul Azmir Cengiz, Korhan |
| description | Small vessels detection is a known issue due to its low radar cross section (RCS). An existing shore-based vessel tracking radar is for long-distance commercial vessels detection. Meanwhile, a vessel-mounted radar system known for its reliability has a limitation due to its single radar coverage. The paper presented a co-located frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) maritime radar for small vessel detection utilising a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. The radar behaviour is numerically simulated for detecting a Swerling 1 target which resembles small maritime’s vessels. The simulated MIMO configuration comprised two transmitting and receiving nodes. The proposal is to utilize a multi-frequency FMCW MIMO configuration in a maritime environment by applying the spectrum averaging (SA) to fuse MIMO received signals for range and velocity estimation. The analysis was summarised and displayed in terms of estimation error performance, probability of error and average error. The simulation outcomes an improvement of 2.2 dB for a static target, and 0.1 dB for a moving target, in resulting the 20% probability of range error with the MIMO setup. A moving vessel's effect was observed to degrade the range error estimation performance between 0.6 to 2.7 dB. Meanwhile, the proposed method was proven to improve the 20% probability of velocity error by 1.75 dB. The impact of multi-frequency MIMO was also observed to produce better average error performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5144-5152 |
| format | Article |
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An existing shore-based vessel tracking radar is for long-distance commercial vessels detection. Meanwhile, a vessel-mounted radar system known for its reliability has a limitation due to its single radar coverage. The paper presented a co-located frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) maritime radar for small vessel detection utilising a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. The radar behaviour is numerically simulated for detecting a Swerling 1 target which resembles small maritime’s vessels. The simulated MIMO configuration comprised two transmitting and receiving nodes. The proposal is to utilize a multi-frequency FMCW MIMO configuration in a maritime environment by applying the spectrum averaging (SA) to fuse MIMO received signals for range and velocity estimation. The analysis was summarised and displayed in terms of estimation error performance, probability of error and average error. The simulation outcomes an improvement of 2.2 dB for a static target, and 0.1 dB for a moving target, in resulting the 20% probability of range error with the MIMO setup. A moving vessel's effect was observed to degrade the range error estimation performance between 0.6 to 2.7 dB. Meanwhile, the proposed method was proven to improve the 20% probability of velocity error by 1.75 dB. The impact of multi-frequency MIMO was also observed to produce better average error performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2088-8708</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2722-2578</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2088-8708</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5144-5152</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Yogyakarta: IAES Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</publisher><subject>Antennas ; Bandwidths ; Computer engineering ; Configurations ; MIMO communication ; Monte Carlo simulation ; Moving targets ; Radar cross sections ; Radar detection ; Radar equipment ; Radar systems ; Radar tracking ; Range errors ; Sea vessels ; Signal to noise ratio ; Simulation ; Spectrum allocation ; Target detection ; Tracking radar ; Velocity ; Velocity errors ; Waveforms</subject><ispartof>International journal of electrical and computer engineering (Malacca, Malacca), 2021-12, Vol.11 (6), p.5144</ispartof><rights>Copyright IAES Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science Dec 2021</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zainuddin, Suraya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abd Rashid, Nur Emileen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasya, Idnin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raja Abdullah, Raja Syamsul Azmir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cengiz, Korhan</creatorcontrib><title>A small vessel detection using a co-located multi-frequency FMCW MIMO radar</title><title>International journal of electrical and computer engineering (Malacca, Malacca)</title><description>Small vessels detection is a known issue due to its low radar cross section (RCS). An existing shore-based vessel tracking radar is for long-distance commercial vessels detection. Meanwhile, a vessel-mounted radar system known for its reliability has a limitation due to its single radar coverage. The paper presented a co-located frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) maritime radar for small vessel detection utilising a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. The radar behaviour is numerically simulated for detecting a Swerling 1 target which resembles small maritime’s vessels. The simulated MIMO configuration comprised two transmitting and receiving nodes. The proposal is to utilize a multi-frequency FMCW MIMO configuration in a maritime environment by applying the spectrum averaging (SA) to fuse MIMO received signals for range and velocity estimation. The analysis was summarised and displayed in terms of estimation error performance, probability of error and average error. The simulation outcomes an improvement of 2.2 dB for a static target, and 0.1 dB for a moving target, in resulting the 20% probability of range error with the MIMO setup. A moving vessel's effect was observed to degrade the range error estimation performance between 0.6 to 2.7 dB. Meanwhile, the proposed method was proven to improve the 20% probability of velocity error by 1.75 dB. The impact of multi-frequency MIMO was also observed to produce better average error performance.</description><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Bandwidths</subject><subject>Computer engineering</subject><subject>Configurations</subject><subject>MIMO communication</subject><subject>Monte Carlo simulation</subject><subject>Moving targets</subject><subject>Radar cross sections</subject><subject>Radar detection</subject><subject>Radar equipment</subject><subject>Radar systems</subject><subject>Radar tracking</subject><subject>Range errors</subject><subject>Sea vessels</subject><subject>Signal to noise ratio</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Spectrum allocation</subject><subject>Target detection</subject><subject>Tracking radar</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Velocity errors</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><issn>2088-8708</issn><issn>2722-2578</issn><issn>2088-8708</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNot0E1LAzEQBuAgCpba_xDwnJrJ5vNYilWxpRfFY5hms7Jlu7smu4X-e2vraebw8s7wEEKBzwGUg6d6H0OcHwFqPe97BVIyBUrckIkwQjChjL0979xaZg2392SWc73jUhrJjVYT8r6g-YBNQ48x59jQMg4xDHXX0jHX7TdFGjrWdAGHWNLD2Aw1q1L8GWMbTnS1WX7RzdtmSxOWmB7IXYVNjrP_OSWfq-eP5Stbb1_elos1CyDNwIwLOxlLRBBCOnQWIQjEoKytrNRaFLLCigs0sFOqtOA4L4RBLMFWzuliSh6vvX3qzp_kwe-7MbXnk15oDU47Wdhzyl5TIXU5p1j5PtUHTCcP3F_0_EXPX_T8Vc__6RW_1-1kiA</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Zainuddin, Suraya</creator><creator>Abd Rashid, Nur Emileen</creator><creator>Pasya, Idnin</creator><creator>Raja Abdullah, Raja Syamsul Azmir</creator><creator>Cengiz, Korhan</creator><general>IAES Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BVBZV</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K7-</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>A small vessel detection using a co-located multi-frequency FMCW MIMO radar</title><author>Zainuddin, Suraya ; 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An existing shore-based vessel tracking radar is for long-distance commercial vessels detection. Meanwhile, a vessel-mounted radar system known for its reliability has a limitation due to its single radar coverage. The paper presented a co-located frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) maritime radar for small vessel detection utilising a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. The radar behaviour is numerically simulated for detecting a Swerling 1 target which resembles small maritime’s vessels. The simulated MIMO configuration comprised two transmitting and receiving nodes. The proposal is to utilize a multi-frequency FMCW MIMO configuration in a maritime environment by applying the spectrum averaging (SA) to fuse MIMO received signals for range and velocity estimation. The analysis was summarised and displayed in terms of estimation error performance, probability of error and average error. 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| subjects | Antennas Bandwidths Computer engineering Configurations MIMO communication Monte Carlo simulation Moving targets Radar cross sections Radar detection Radar equipment Radar systems Radar tracking Range errors Sea vessels Signal to noise ratio Simulation Spectrum allocation Target detection Tracking radar Velocity Velocity errors Waveforms |
| title | A small vessel detection using a co-located multi-frequency FMCW MIMO radar |
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