Characteristics of Norovirus Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Korea in the 2000s
Norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea (South) appeared in the 2000s and have been increasing since then. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea from 2002 to 2017, on the basis of official food poisoning statistics and publically reli...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of food protection 2021-03, Vol.84 (3), p.472-480 |
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| creator | Kim, Jong-Gyu Kim, Joong-Soon Kim, Jeong-Gyoo |
| description | Norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea (South) appeared in the 2000s and have been increasing since then. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea from 2002 to 2017, on the basis of official food poisoning statistics and publically reliable reports, and to find any associations with climate factors. Norovirus was the most common cause of food poisoning among known causative substances in Korea during the study period. More than one-third of the outbreaks occurred in group meal service facilities, including school lunch programs. A few of these facilities used groundwater contaminated with noroviruses to wash or cook food, which contributed to outbreaks. Norovirus occurrences showed strong seasonality: cold and relatively dry winter air may help norovirus to flourish. Both norovirus genotypes GI and GII that are infectious to humans were detected, with GII becoming more prevalent than GI. According to our correlation analysis in connection with climate factors, average temperatures, the highest and lowest temperatures, precipitation, the number of rain days, and humidity showed a significant negative correlation with a monthly norovirus occurrence (P < 0.05). The lowest temperature and average temperature had higher coefficients of correlation, -0.377 and -0.376, respectively. The norovirus outbreaks in Korea showed complex etiological characteristics, although more prevailed in wintertime, and are now a major public health problem. The use of groundwater in group meal service settings is a public health issue, as well as a norovirus concern; therefore, groundwater used in food service facilities and businesses should be treated for safety. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4315/JFP-20-093 |
| format | Article |
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We aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea from 2002 to 2017, on the basis of official food poisoning statistics and publically reliable reports, and to find any associations with climate factors. Norovirus was the most common cause of food poisoning among known causative substances in Korea during the study period. More than one-third of the outbreaks occurred in group meal service facilities, including school lunch programs. A few of these facilities used groundwater contaminated with noroviruses to wash or cook food, which contributed to outbreaks. Norovirus occurrences showed strong seasonality: cold and relatively dry winter air may help norovirus to flourish. Both norovirus genotypes GI and GII that are infectious to humans were detected, with GII becoming more prevalent than GI. According to our correlation analysis in connection with climate factors, average temperatures, the highest and lowest temperatures, precipitation, the number of rain days, and humidity showed a significant negative correlation with a monthly norovirus occurrence (P < 0.05). The lowest temperature and average temperature had higher coefficients of correlation, -0.377 and -0.376, respectively. The norovirus outbreaks in Korea showed complex etiological characteristics, although more prevailed in wintertime, and are now a major public health problem. The use of groundwater in group meal service settings is a public health issue, as well as a norovirus concern; therefore, groundwater used in food service facilities and businesses should be treated for safety.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0362-028X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-9097</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4315/JFP-20-093</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33108448</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Limited</publisher><subject>air ; Caliciviridae Infections - epidemiology ; Climate ; Climate change ; cold ; Correlation analysis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drinking water ; Dry season ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Etiology ; Food ; Food contamination ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food poisoning ; Food safety ; food service ; Foodborne Diseases - epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Groundwater ; Groundwater pollution ; Health hazards ; Humans ; Humidity ; Investigations ; Korean Peninsula ; Norovirus ; Norovirus - genetics ; Outbreaks ; Poisoning ; Precipitation ; Public health ; rain ; Republic of Korea - epidemiology ; RNA, Viral ; school lunch ; School lunches ; Seasonal variations ; Service facilities ; Statistical analysis ; statistics ; Temperature ; Trends ; Winter</subject><ispartof>Journal of food protection, 2021-03, Vol.84 (3), p.472-480</ispartof><rights>Copyright ©, International Association for Food Protection.</rights><rights>Copyright Allen Press Inc. 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We aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea from 2002 to 2017, on the basis of official food poisoning statistics and publically reliable reports, and to find any associations with climate factors. Norovirus was the most common cause of food poisoning among known causative substances in Korea during the study period. More than one-third of the outbreaks occurred in group meal service facilities, including school lunch programs. A few of these facilities used groundwater contaminated with noroviruses to wash or cook food, which contributed to outbreaks. Norovirus occurrences showed strong seasonality: cold and relatively dry winter air may help norovirus to flourish. Both norovirus genotypes GI and GII that are infectious to humans were detected, with GII becoming more prevalent than GI. According to our correlation analysis in connection with climate factors, average temperatures, the highest and lowest temperatures, precipitation, the number of rain days, and humidity showed a significant negative correlation with a monthly norovirus occurrence (P < 0.05). The lowest temperature and average temperature had higher coefficients of correlation, -0.377 and -0.376, respectively. The norovirus outbreaks in Korea showed complex etiological characteristics, although more prevailed in wintertime, and are now a major public health problem. The use of groundwater in group meal service settings is a public health issue, as well as a norovirus concern; therefore, groundwater used in food service facilities and businesses should be treated for safety.</description><subject>air</subject><subject>Caliciviridae Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>cold</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Dry season</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food poisoning</subject><subject>Food safety</subject><subject>food service</subject><subject>Foodborne Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Gastroenteritis</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater pollution</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Korean Peninsula</subject><subject>Norovirus</subject><subject>Norovirus - genetics</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Poisoning</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>rain</subject><subject>Republic of Korea - epidemiology</subject><subject>RNA, Viral</subject><subject>school lunch</subject><subject>School lunches</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Service facilities</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>statistics</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Winter</subject><issn>0362-028X</issn><issn>1944-9097</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0EtLAzEUBeAgiq3VjT9AAm5EGL15zEyylGJ9tNguFNwNmSRjU9tJTWYE_71TW124umfxcbgchE4JXHFG0uvH0SyhkIBke6hPJOeJBJnvoz6wjCZAxWsPHcW4AAAqaXaIeowREJyLPhoP5yoo3djgYuN0xL7CTz74TxfaiEfeGzzzLvra1W942jZlsOo9Ylfjse_iJjRzi2nXHY_RQaWW0Z7s7gC9jG6fh_fJZHr3MLyZJJoJ3iSkMkzmKa80kYKyKk21gYyDEdwSI5XRjGaUC2NUnqo8o6XMFdUlaGEtoZQN0MW2dx38R2tjU6xc1Ha5VLX1bSxolhGAlHDo6Pk_uvBtqLvvOpVylnMqWacut0oHH2OwVbEObqXCV0Gg2ExcdBMXFAr4wWe7yrZcWfNHfzdl33s0dBY</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Kim, Jong-Gyu</creator><creator>Kim, Joong-Soon</creator><creator>Kim, Jeong-Gyoo</creator><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>883</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0F</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-1492</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210301</creationdate><title>Characteristics of Norovirus Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Korea in the 2000s</title><author>Kim, Jong-Gyu ; Kim, Joong-Soon ; Kim, Jeong-Gyoo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-1fd39754fc19823f55cd0640d84e1d9adc326248dda75a762b97a2cb0c8ee1223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>air</topic><topic>Caliciviridae Infections - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of food protection</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Jong-Gyu</au><au>Kim, Joong-Soon</au><au>Kim, Jeong-Gyoo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characteristics of Norovirus Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Korea in the 2000s</atitle><jtitle>Journal of food protection</jtitle><addtitle>J Food Prot</addtitle><date>2021-03-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>84</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>472</spage><epage>480</epage><pages>472-480</pages><issn>0362-028X</issn><eissn>1944-9097</eissn><abstract>Norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea (South) appeared in the 2000s and have been increasing since then. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea from 2002 to 2017, on the basis of official food poisoning statistics and publically reliable reports, and to find any associations with climate factors. Norovirus was the most common cause of food poisoning among known causative substances in Korea during the study period. More than one-third of the outbreaks occurred in group meal service facilities, including school lunch programs. A few of these facilities used groundwater contaminated with noroviruses to wash or cook food, which contributed to outbreaks. Norovirus occurrences showed strong seasonality: cold and relatively dry winter air may help norovirus to flourish. Both norovirus genotypes GI and GII that are infectious to humans were detected, with GII becoming more prevalent than GI. According to our correlation analysis in connection with climate factors, average temperatures, the highest and lowest temperatures, precipitation, the number of rain days, and humidity showed a significant negative correlation with a monthly norovirus occurrence (P < 0.05). The lowest temperature and average temperature had higher coefficients of correlation, -0.377 and -0.376, respectively. The norovirus outbreaks in Korea showed complex etiological characteristics, although more prevailed in wintertime, and are now a major public health problem. The use of groundwater in group meal service settings is a public health issue, as well as a norovirus concern; therefore, groundwater used in food service facilities and businesses should be treated for safety.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Limited</pub><pmid>33108448</pmid><doi>10.4315/JFP-20-093</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-1492</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | air Caliciviridae Infections - epidemiology Climate Climate change cold Correlation analysis Disease Outbreaks Drinking water Dry season Epidemics Epidemiology Etiology Food Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Food poisoning Food safety food service Foodborne Diseases - epidemiology Gastroenteritis Genotype Genotypes Groundwater Groundwater pollution Health hazards Humans Humidity Investigations Korean Peninsula Norovirus Norovirus - genetics Outbreaks Poisoning Precipitation Public health rain Republic of Korea - epidemiology RNA, Viral school lunch School lunches Seasonal variations Service facilities Statistical analysis statistics Temperature Trends Winter |
| title | Characteristics of Norovirus Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Korea in the 2000s |
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