Is hand-to-mouth contact the main pathway of children’s soil and dust intake?
Children ( n = 240) between the ages of 2 and 17 years were randomly selected from three cities in China. The total amount of soil and dust (SD) on their hands was measured and ranged from 3.50–187.39 mg (median = 19.49 mg). We screened for seven elements (Ce, V, Y, Al, Ba, Sc, and Mn), and Ce leve...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental geochemistry and health 2022-05, Vol.44 (5), p.1567-1580 |
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| creator | Gong, Yiwei Wu, Yihang Lin, Chunye Xu, Dongqun Duan, Xiaoli Wang, Beibei Liu, Xitao Cheng, Hongguang Wang, Qin Ma, Jin |
| description | Children (
n
= 240) between the ages of 2 and 17 years were randomly selected from three cities in China. The total amount of soil and dust (SD) on their hands was measured and ranged from 3.50–187.39 mg (median = 19.49 mg). We screened for seven elements (Ce, V, Y, Al, Ba, Sc, and Mn), and Ce levels were used to calculate hand SD by variability and soil elements. The main factors affecting SD amount were location and age group, as identified using a conditional inference tree. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest in Gansu Province, followed by Guangdong and Hubei provinces, respectively. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest among children in primary school, followed by kindergarten and secondary school, respectively. The hand SD intake rate of the three typical areas was 11.9 mg/d, which was about 26.6% of the children’s soil intake rate (44.8 mg/d), indicating that hand-to-mouth contact is not the main route for children’s soil intake in the three areas of China. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10653-021-00830-4 |
| format | Article |
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n
= 240) between the ages of 2 and 17 years were randomly selected from three cities in China. The total amount of soil and dust (SD) on their hands was measured and ranged from 3.50–187.39 mg (median = 19.49 mg). We screened for seven elements (Ce, V, Y, Al, Ba, Sc, and Mn), and Ce levels were used to calculate hand SD by variability and soil elements. The main factors affecting SD amount were location and age group, as identified using a conditional inference tree. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest in Gansu Province, followed by Guangdong and Hubei provinces, respectively. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest among children in primary school, followed by kindergarten and secondary school, respectively. The hand SD intake rate of the three typical areas was 11.9 mg/d, which was about 26.6% of the children’s soil intake rate (44.8 mg/d), indicating that hand-to-mouth contact is not the main route for children’s soil intake in the three areas of China.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-4042</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2983</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00830-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33580438</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Age groups ; Aluminum ; Atmospheric particulates ; Children ; Dust ; Dust storms ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Geochemistry ; Handbooks ; Hands ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Kindergarten ; Laboratories ; Manganese ; Mouth ; Original Paper ; Public Health ; Questionnaires ; Soil ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Soils ; Terrestrial Pollution</subject><ispartof>Environmental geochemistry and health, 2022-05, Vol.44 (5), p.1567-1580</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-af7cf1cea3eb87ece4a746948c6de8e69fc97beaa675296df50419be276d0b3c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-af7cf1cea3eb87ece4a746948c6de8e69fc97beaa675296df50419be276d0b3c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10653-021-00830-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10653-021-00830-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33580438$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gong, Yiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Yihang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Chunye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Dongqun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Beibei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xitao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Hongguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Qin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Jin</creatorcontrib><title>Is hand-to-mouth contact the main pathway of children’s soil and dust intake?</title><title>Environmental geochemistry and health</title><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><description>Children (
n
= 240) between the ages of 2 and 17 years were randomly selected from three cities in China. The total amount of soil and dust (SD) on their hands was measured and ranged from 3.50–187.39 mg (median = 19.49 mg). We screened for seven elements (Ce, V, Y, Al, Ba, Sc, and Mn), and Ce levels were used to calculate hand SD by variability and soil elements. The main factors affecting SD amount were location and age group, as identified using a conditional inference tree. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest in Gansu Province, followed by Guangdong and Hubei provinces, respectively. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest among children in primary school, followed by kindergarten and secondary school, respectively. The hand SD intake rate of the three typical areas was 11.9 mg/d, which was about 26.6% of the children’s soil intake rate (44.8 mg/d), indicating that hand-to-mouth contact is not the main route for children’s soil intake in the three areas of China.</description><subject>Age groups</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Atmospheric particulates</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Dust storms</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Handbooks</subject><subject>Hands</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Kindergarten</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Mouth</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><issn>0269-4042</issn><issn>1573-2983</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kL1OwzAUhS0EoqXwAgzIErPh-idxMiFU8VOpUheYLcdxSEqbFNsR6sZr8Ho8CYYU2JjucM93jvQhdErhggLIS08hTTgBRglAxoGIPTSmieSE5RnfR2NgaU4ECDZCR94vASCXIjtEI86TDATPxmgx87jWbUlCR9ZdH2psujZoE3CoLV7rpsUbHepXvcVdhU3drEpn24-3d49916xwRHHZ-4CbSD3bq2N0UOmVtye7O0GPtzcP03syX9zNptdzYrhMAtGVNBU1VnNbZNIaK7QUaS4yk5Y2s2lemVwWVutUJixPyyoBQfPCMpmWUHDDJ-h86N247qW3Pqhl17s2TioWpQjKJYeYYkPKuM57Zyu1cc1au62ioL4cqsGhig7Vt0MlInS2q-6LtS1_kR9pMcCHgI-v9sm6v-1_aj8BAS19dQ</recordid><startdate>20220501</startdate><enddate>20220501</enddate><creator>Gong, Yiwei</creator><creator>Wu, Yihang</creator><creator>Lin, Chunye</creator><creator>Xu, 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intake?</title><author>Gong, Yiwei ; Wu, Yihang ; Lin, Chunye ; Xu, Dongqun ; Duan, Xiaoli ; Wang, Beibei ; Liu, Xitao ; Cheng, Hongguang ; Wang, Qin ; Ma, Jin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-af7cf1cea3eb87ece4a746948c6de8e69fc97beaa675296df50419be276d0b3c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Age groups</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Atmospheric particulates</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Dust storms</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Handbooks</topic><topic>Hands</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Kindergarten</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Mouth</topic><topic>Original 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Health</addtitle><date>2022-05-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1567</spage><epage>1580</epage><pages>1567-1580</pages><issn>0269-4042</issn><eissn>1573-2983</eissn><abstract>Children (
n
= 240) between the ages of 2 and 17 years were randomly selected from three cities in China. The total amount of soil and dust (SD) on their hands was measured and ranged from 3.50–187.39 mg (median = 19.49 mg). We screened for seven elements (Ce, V, Y, Al, Ba, Sc, and Mn), and Ce levels were used to calculate hand SD by variability and soil elements. The main factors affecting SD amount were location and age group, as identified using a conditional inference tree. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest in Gansu Province, followed by Guangdong and Hubei provinces, respectively. Hand SD and the hand SD intake rate were highest among children in primary school, followed by kindergarten and secondary school, respectively. The hand SD intake rate of the three typical areas was 11.9 mg/d, which was about 26.6% of the children’s soil intake rate (44.8 mg/d), indicating that hand-to-mouth contact is not the main route for children’s soil intake in the three areas of China.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>33580438</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10653-021-00830-4</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age groups Aluminum Atmospheric particulates Children Dust Dust storms Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Geochemistry Handbooks Hands Health risk assessment Health risks Kindergarten Laboratories Manganese Mouth Original Paper Public Health Questionnaires Soil Soil Science & Conservation Soils Terrestrial Pollution |
| title | Is hand-to-mouth contact the main pathway of children’s soil and dust intake? |
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