Counting the bodies: Estimating the numbers and spatial variation of Australian reptiles, birds and mammals killed by two invasive mesopredators
Aim Introduced predators negatively impact biodiversity globally, with insular fauna often most severely affected. Here, we assess spatial variation in the number of terrestrial vertebrates (excluding amphibians) killed by two mammalian mesopredators introduced to Australia, the red fox (Vulpes vulp...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diversity & distributions 2022-05, Vol.28 (5), p.976-991 |
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| creator | Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M. Murphy, Brett P. Legge, Sarah M. Caceres-Escobar, Hernan Chapple, David G. Crawford, Heather M. Dawson, Stuart J. Dickman, Chris R. Doherty, Tim S. Fleming, Patricia A. Garnett, Stephen T. Gentle, Matthew Newsome, Thomas M. Palmer, Russell Rees, Matthew W. Ritchie, Euan G. Speed, James Stuart, John-Michael Suarez-Castro, Andrés F. Thompson, Eilysh Tulloch, Ayesha Turpin, Jeff M. Woinarski, John C.Z. |
| description | Aim
Introduced predators negatively impact biodiversity globally, with insular fauna often most severely affected. Here, we assess spatial variation in the number of terrestrial vertebrates (excluding amphibians) killed by two mammalian mesopredators introduced to Australia, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cat (Felis catus). We aim to identify prey groups that suffer especially high rates of predation, and regions where losses to foxes and/or cats are most substantial.
Location
Australia.
Methods
We draw information on the spatial variation in tallies of reptiles, birds and mammals killed by cats in Australia from published studies. We derive tallies for fox predation by (i) modelling continental‐scale spatial variation in fox density, (ii) modelling spatial variation in the frequency of occurrence of prey groups in fox diet, (iii) analysing the number of prey individuals within dietary samples and (iv) discounting animals taken as carrion. We derive point estimates of the numbers of individuals killed annually by foxes and by cats and map spatial variation in these tallies.
Results
Foxes kill more reptiles, birds and mammals (peaking at 1071 km−2 year−1) than cats (55 km−2 year−1) across most of the unmodified temperate and forested areas of mainland Australia, reflecting the generally higher density of foxes than cats in these environments. However, across most of the continent – mainly the arid central and tropical northern regions (and on most Australian islands) – cats kill more animals than foxes. We estimate that foxes and cats together kill 697 million reptiles annually in Australia, 510 million birds and 1435 million mammals.
Main conclusions
This continental‐scale analysis demonstrates that predation by two introduced species takes a substantial and ongoing toll on Australian reptiles, birds and mammals. Continuing population declines and potential extinctions of some of these species threatens to further compound Australia's poor contemporary conservation record. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/ddi.13497 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_JFNAL</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2652021785</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>48659270</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>48659270</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3547-c888db4ccbe95a2fcf3a5d3b0354dbc20156a78503b10ae7532aec41e3d98d5b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1j8tLAzEQh4MoWKsH8SwUPHnYNsnksXuU1keh4EXPIa_VXeqmJrtI_3ujq96cywzM983wQ-ic4DnJtXCumRNglTxAE8IkLZhg9DDPIERRcSKO0UlKLcYYgNMJuliGoeub7mXWv_qZCa7x6RQd1Xqb_NlPn6Lnu9un5UOxebxfL282hQXOZGHLsnSGWWt8xTWtbQ2aOzA4b52xFBMutCw5BkOw9pID1d4y4sFVpeMGpuhqvLuL4X3wqVdtGGKXXyoqOMWUZDtT1yNlY0gp-lrtYvOm414RrL4yq5xZfWfO7GJkP5qt3_8PqtVq_Wtcjkab-hD_DFYKXlGJ4RPFuF9n</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2652021785</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Counting the bodies: Estimating the numbers and spatial variation of Australian reptiles, birds and mammals killed by two invasive mesopredators</title><source>Jstor Journals Open Access</source><creator>Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M. ; Murphy, Brett P. ; Legge, Sarah M. ; Caceres-Escobar, Hernan ; Chapple, David G. ; Crawford, Heather M. ; Dawson, Stuart J. ; Dickman, Chris R. ; Doherty, Tim S. ; Fleming, Patricia A. ; Garnett, Stephen T. ; Gentle, Matthew ; Newsome, Thomas M. ; Palmer, Russell ; Rees, Matthew W. ; Ritchie, Euan G. ; Speed, James ; Stuart, John-Michael ; Suarez-Castro, Andrés F. ; Thompson, Eilysh ; Tulloch, Ayesha ; Turpin, Jeff M. ; Woinarski, John C.Z.</creator><creatorcontrib>Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M. ; Murphy, Brett P. ; Legge, Sarah M. ; Caceres-Escobar, Hernan ; Chapple, David G. ; Crawford, Heather M. ; Dawson, Stuart J. ; Dickman, Chris R. ; Doherty, Tim S. ; Fleming, Patricia A. ; Garnett, Stephen T. ; Gentle, Matthew ; Newsome, Thomas M. ; Palmer, Russell ; Rees, Matthew W. ; Ritchie, Euan G. ; Speed, James ; Stuart, John-Michael ; Suarez-Castro, Andrés F. ; Thompson, Eilysh ; Tulloch, Ayesha ; Turpin, Jeff M. ; Woinarski, John C.Z.</creatorcontrib><description>Aim
Introduced predators negatively impact biodiversity globally, with insular fauna often most severely affected. Here, we assess spatial variation in the number of terrestrial vertebrates (excluding amphibians) killed by two mammalian mesopredators introduced to Australia, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cat (Felis catus). We aim to identify prey groups that suffer especially high rates of predation, and regions where losses to foxes and/or cats are most substantial.
Location
Australia.
Methods
We draw information on the spatial variation in tallies of reptiles, birds and mammals killed by cats in Australia from published studies. We derive tallies for fox predation by (i) modelling continental‐scale spatial variation in fox density, (ii) modelling spatial variation in the frequency of occurrence of prey groups in fox diet, (iii) analysing the number of prey individuals within dietary samples and (iv) discounting animals taken as carrion. We derive point estimates of the numbers of individuals killed annually by foxes and by cats and map spatial variation in these tallies.
Results
Foxes kill more reptiles, birds and mammals (peaking at 1071 km−2 year−1) than cats (55 km−2 year−1) across most of the unmodified temperate and forested areas of mainland Australia, reflecting the generally higher density of foxes than cats in these environments. However, across most of the continent – mainly the arid central and tropical northern regions (and on most Australian islands) – cats kill more animals than foxes. We estimate that foxes and cats together kill 697 million reptiles annually in Australia, 510 million birds and 1435 million mammals.
Main conclusions
This continental‐scale analysis demonstrates that predation by two introduced species takes a substantial and ongoing toll on Australian reptiles, birds and mammals. Continuing population declines and potential extinctions of some of these species threatens to further compound Australia's poor contemporary conservation record.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1366-9516</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1472-4642</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13497</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Wiley</publisher><subject>Amphibians ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; biodiversity conservation ; Birds ; Carrion ; Cats ; Density ; Diet ; dietary ecology ; domestic cat (Felis catus) ; Estimates ; Foxes ; Frequency dependence ; Frequency variation ; Introduced species ; invasive mesopredator ; invasive species ; Mammals ; Modelling ; mortality ; Population decline ; Predation ; Predators ; Prey ; red fox (Vulpes vulpes) ; Reptiles ; Reptiles & amphibians ; RESEARCH ARTICLE ; Spatial variations ; Terrestrial environments ; threatened species ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Diversity & distributions, 2022-05, Vol.28 (5), p.976-991</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors</rights><rights>2022 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3547-c888db4ccbe95a2fcf3a5d3b0354dbc20156a78503b10ae7532aec41e3d98d5b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3547-c888db4ccbe95a2fcf3a5d3b0354dbc20156a78503b10ae7532aec41e3d98d5b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3880-2442 ; 0000-0002-0626-3851 ; 0000-0003-4432-3779 ; 0000-0002-1712-9500 ; 0000-0001-7745-0251 ; 0000-0001-6968-2781 ; 0000-0003-3457-3256 ; 0000-0002-6621-3821 ; 0000-0002-1067-3730</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48659270$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/48659270$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,1411,11541,25332,27901,27902,45550,45551,46027,46451,54499,54505</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/48659270$$EView_record_in_JSTOR$$FView_record_in_$$GJSTOR</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Brett P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Legge, Sarah M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caceres-Escobar, Hernan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chapple, David G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Heather M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawson, Stuart J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dickman, Chris R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doherty, Tim S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fleming, Patricia A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garnett, Stephen T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gentle, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newsome, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palmer, Russell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rees, Matthew W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritchie, Euan G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Speed, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuart, John-Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suarez-Castro, Andrés F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Eilysh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tulloch, Ayesha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turpin, Jeff M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woinarski, John C.Z.</creatorcontrib><title>Counting the bodies: Estimating the numbers and spatial variation of Australian reptiles, birds and mammals killed by two invasive mesopredators</title><title>Diversity & distributions</title><description>Aim
Introduced predators negatively impact biodiversity globally, with insular fauna often most severely affected. Here, we assess spatial variation in the number of terrestrial vertebrates (excluding amphibians) killed by two mammalian mesopredators introduced to Australia, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cat (Felis catus). We aim to identify prey groups that suffer especially high rates of predation, and regions where losses to foxes and/or cats are most substantial.
Location
Australia.
Methods
We draw information on the spatial variation in tallies of reptiles, birds and mammals killed by cats in Australia from published studies. We derive tallies for fox predation by (i) modelling continental‐scale spatial variation in fox density, (ii) modelling spatial variation in the frequency of occurrence of prey groups in fox diet, (iii) analysing the number of prey individuals within dietary samples and (iv) discounting animals taken as carrion. We derive point estimates of the numbers of individuals killed annually by foxes and by cats and map spatial variation in these tallies.
Results
Foxes kill more reptiles, birds and mammals (peaking at 1071 km−2 year−1) than cats (55 km−2 year−1) across most of the unmodified temperate and forested areas of mainland Australia, reflecting the generally higher density of foxes than cats in these environments. However, across most of the continent – mainly the arid central and tropical northern regions (and on most Australian islands) – cats kill more animals than foxes. We estimate that foxes and cats together kill 697 million reptiles annually in Australia, 510 million birds and 1435 million mammals.
Main conclusions
This continental‐scale analysis demonstrates that predation by two introduced species takes a substantial and ongoing toll on Australian reptiles, birds and mammals. Continuing population declines and potential extinctions of some of these species threatens to further compound Australia's poor contemporary conservation record.</description><subject>Amphibians</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>biodiversity conservation</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Carrion</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>dietary ecology</subject><subject>domestic cat (Felis catus)</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Foxes</subject><subject>Frequency dependence</subject><subject>Frequency variation</subject><subject>Introduced species</subject><subject>invasive mesopredator</subject><subject>invasive species</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>Population decline</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Predators</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>red fox (Vulpes vulpes)</subject><subject>Reptiles</subject><subject>Reptiles & amphibians</subject><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject><subject>Spatial variations</subject><subject>Terrestrial environments</subject><subject>threatened species</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>1366-9516</issn><issn>1472-4642</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1j8tLAzEQh4MoWKsH8SwUPHnYNsnksXuU1keh4EXPIa_VXeqmJrtI_3ujq96cywzM983wQ-ic4DnJtXCumRNglTxAE8IkLZhg9DDPIERRcSKO0UlKLcYYgNMJuliGoeub7mXWv_qZCa7x6RQd1Xqb_NlPn6Lnu9un5UOxebxfL282hQXOZGHLsnSGWWt8xTWtbQ2aOzA4b52xFBMutCw5BkOw9pID1d4y4sFVpeMGpuhqvLuL4X3wqVdtGGKXXyoqOMWUZDtT1yNlY0gp-lrtYvOm414RrL4yq5xZfWfO7GJkP5qt3_8PqtVq_Wtcjkab-hD_DFYKXlGJ4RPFuF9n</recordid><startdate>20220501</startdate><enddate>20220501</enddate><creator>Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M.</creator><creator>Murphy, Brett P.</creator><creator>Legge, Sarah M.</creator><creator>Caceres-Escobar, Hernan</creator><creator>Chapple, David G.</creator><creator>Crawford, Heather M.</creator><creator>Dawson, Stuart J.</creator><creator>Dickman, Chris R.</creator><creator>Doherty, Tim S.</creator><creator>Fleming, Patricia A.</creator><creator>Garnett, Stephen T.</creator><creator>Gentle, Matthew</creator><creator>Newsome, Thomas M.</creator><creator>Palmer, Russell</creator><creator>Rees, Matthew W.</creator><creator>Ritchie, Euan G.</creator><creator>Speed, James</creator><creator>Stuart, John-Michael</creator><creator>Suarez-Castro, Andrés F.</creator><creator>Thompson, Eilysh</creator><creator>Tulloch, Ayesha</creator><creator>Turpin, Jeff M.</creator><creator>Woinarski, John C.Z.</creator><general>Wiley</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-2442</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0626-3851</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-3779</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-9500</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7745-0251</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-2781</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3457-3256</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-3821</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-3730</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220501</creationdate><title>Counting the bodies</title><author>Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M. ; Murphy, Brett P. ; Legge, Sarah M. ; Caceres-Escobar, Hernan ; Chapple, David G. ; Crawford, Heather M. ; Dawson, Stuart J. ; Dickman, Chris R. ; Doherty, Tim S. ; Fleming, Patricia A. ; Garnett, Stephen T. ; Gentle, Matthew ; Newsome, Thomas M. ; Palmer, Russell ; Rees, Matthew W. ; Ritchie, Euan G. ; Speed, James ; Stuart, John-Michael ; Suarez-Castro, Andrés F. ; Thompson, Eilysh ; Tulloch, Ayesha ; Turpin, Jeff M. ; Woinarski, John C.Z.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3547-c888db4ccbe95a2fcf3a5d3b0354dbc20156a78503b10ae7532aec41e3d98d5b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Amphibians</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>biodiversity conservation</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Carrion</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>dietary ecology</topic><topic>domestic cat (Felis catus)</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Foxes</topic><topic>Frequency dependence</topic><topic>Frequency variation</topic><topic>Introduced species</topic><topic>invasive mesopredator</topic><topic>invasive species</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>mortality</topic><topic>Population decline</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Predators</topic><topic>Prey</topic><topic>red fox (Vulpes vulpes)</topic><topic>Reptiles</topic><topic>Reptiles & amphibians</topic><topic>RESEARCH ARTICLE</topic><topic>Spatial variations</topic><topic>Terrestrial environments</topic><topic>threatened species</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Brett P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Legge, Sarah M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caceres-Escobar, Hernan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chapple, David G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Heather M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dawson, Stuart J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dickman, Chris R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doherty, Tim S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fleming, Patricia A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garnett, Stephen T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gentle, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newsome, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palmer, Russell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rees, Matthew W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritchie, Euan G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Speed, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuart, John-Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suarez-Castro, Andrés F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Eilysh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tulloch, Ayesha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turpin, Jeff M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woinarski, John C.Z.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Stobo-Wilson, Alyson M.</au><au>Murphy, Brett P.</au><au>Legge, Sarah M.</au><au>Caceres-Escobar, Hernan</au><au>Chapple, David G.</au><au>Crawford, Heather M.</au><au>Dawson, Stuart J.</au><au>Dickman, Chris R.</au><au>Doherty, Tim S.</au><au>Fleming, Patricia A.</au><au>Garnett, Stephen T.</au><au>Gentle, Matthew</au><au>Newsome, Thomas M.</au><au>Palmer, Russell</au><au>Rees, Matthew W.</au><au>Ritchie, Euan G.</au><au>Speed, James</au><au>Stuart, John-Michael</au><au>Suarez-Castro, Andrés F.</au><au>Thompson, Eilysh</au><au>Tulloch, Ayesha</au><au>Turpin, Jeff M.</au><au>Woinarski, John C.Z.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Counting the bodies: Estimating the numbers and spatial variation of Australian reptiles, birds and mammals killed by two invasive mesopredators</atitle><jtitle>Diversity & distributions</jtitle><date>2022-05-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>976</spage><epage>991</epage><pages>976-991</pages><issn>1366-9516</issn><eissn>1472-4642</eissn><abstract>Aim
Introduced predators negatively impact biodiversity globally, with insular fauna often most severely affected. Here, we assess spatial variation in the number of terrestrial vertebrates (excluding amphibians) killed by two mammalian mesopredators introduced to Australia, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cat (Felis catus). We aim to identify prey groups that suffer especially high rates of predation, and regions where losses to foxes and/or cats are most substantial.
Location
Australia.
Methods
We draw information on the spatial variation in tallies of reptiles, birds and mammals killed by cats in Australia from published studies. We derive tallies for fox predation by (i) modelling continental‐scale spatial variation in fox density, (ii) modelling spatial variation in the frequency of occurrence of prey groups in fox diet, (iii) analysing the number of prey individuals within dietary samples and (iv) discounting animals taken as carrion. We derive point estimates of the numbers of individuals killed annually by foxes and by cats and map spatial variation in these tallies.
Results
Foxes kill more reptiles, birds and mammals (peaking at 1071 km−2 year−1) than cats (55 km−2 year−1) across most of the unmodified temperate and forested areas of mainland Australia, reflecting the generally higher density of foxes than cats in these environments. However, across most of the continent – mainly the arid central and tropical northern regions (and on most Australian islands) – cats kill more animals than foxes. We estimate that foxes and cats together kill 697 million reptiles annually in Australia, 510 million birds and 1435 million mammals.
Main conclusions
This continental‐scale analysis demonstrates that predation by two introduced species takes a substantial and ongoing toll on Australian reptiles, birds and mammals. Continuing population declines and potential extinctions of some of these species threatens to further compound Australia's poor contemporary conservation record.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Wiley</pub><doi>10.1111/ddi.13497</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-2442</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0626-3851</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-3779</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-9500</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7745-0251</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-2781</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3457-3256</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-3821</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-3730</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 1366-9516 |
| ispartof | Diversity & distributions, 2022-05, Vol.28 (5), p.976-991 |
| issn | 1366-9516 1472-4642 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2652021785 |
| source | Jstor Journals Open Access |
| subjects | Amphibians Animals Biodiversity biodiversity conservation Birds Carrion Cats Density Diet dietary ecology domestic cat (Felis catus) Estimates Foxes Frequency dependence Frequency variation Introduced species invasive mesopredator invasive species Mammals Modelling mortality Population decline Predation Predators Prey red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Reptiles Reptiles & amphibians RESEARCH ARTICLE Spatial variations Terrestrial environments threatened species Vertebrates |
| title | Counting the bodies: Estimating the numbers and spatial variation of Australian reptiles, birds and mammals killed by two invasive mesopredators |
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