Microbial Community Structure and Bacterial Lineages Associated with Sulfonamides Resistance in Anthropogenic Impacted Larut River
Anthropogenic activities often contribute to antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments. Larut River Malaysia is polluted with both organic and inorganic pollutants from domestic and industrial wastewater that are probably treated inadequately. The river is characterized by high biochemical oxyge...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water (Basel) 2022-04, Vol.14 (7), p.1018 |
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| description | Anthropogenic activities often contribute to antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments. Larut River Malaysia is polluted with both organic and inorganic pollutants from domestic and industrial wastewater that are probably treated inadequately. The river is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, and heavy metals. In our previous study, sulfonamides (SAs) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul) were detected in the Larut River. Hence, in this study, we further examined the microbial community structure, diversity of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria (SARB), and their resistance genes. The study also aimed at identifying cultivable bacteria potential carriers of sul genes in the aquatic environment. Proteobacteria (22.4–66.0%), Firmicutes (0.8–41.6%), Bacteroidetes (2.0–29.4%), and Actinobacteria (5.5–27.9%) were the most dominant phyla in both the effluents and river waters. SARB isolated consisted only 4.7% of the total genera identified, with SAR Klebsiella as the most dominant (38.0–61.3%) followed by SAR Escherichia (0–22.2%) and Acinetobacter (3.2–16.0%). The majority of the SAR Klebsiella isolated from the effluents and middle downstream were positive for sul genes. Sul genes-negative SAR Escherichia and Acinetobacter were low ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/w14071018 |
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Larut River Malaysia is polluted with both organic and inorganic pollutants from domestic and industrial wastewater that are probably treated inadequately. The river is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, and heavy metals. In our previous study, sulfonamides (SAs) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul) were detected in the Larut River. Hence, in this study, we further examined the microbial community structure, diversity of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria (SARB), and their resistance genes. The study also aimed at identifying cultivable bacteria potential carriers of sul genes in the aquatic environment. Proteobacteria (22.4–66.0%), Firmicutes (0.8–41.6%), Bacteroidetes (2.0–29.4%), and Actinobacteria (5.5–27.9%) were the most dominant phyla in both the effluents and river waters. SARB isolated consisted only 4.7% of the total genera identified, with SAR Klebsiella as the most dominant (38.0–61.3%) followed by SAR Escherichia (0–22.2%) and Acinetobacter (3.2–16.0%). The majority of the SAR Klebsiella isolated from the effluents and middle downstream were positive for sul genes. Sul genes-negative SAR Escherichia and Acinetobacter were low (<20%). Canonical-correlation analysis (CCA) showed that SAs residues and inorganic nutrients exerted significant impacts on microbial community and total sul genes. Network analysis identified 11 SARB as potential sul genes bacterial carriers. These findings indicated that anthropogenic activities exerted impacts on the microbial community structure and SAs resistance in the Larut River.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w14071018</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acinetobacter ; Ammonia ; Analysis ; Anthropogenic factors ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Aquatic environment ; Bacteria ; Biochemical oxygen demand ; Chemical oxygen demand ; Community structure ; Correlation analysis ; Drug resistance ; Drug resistance in microorganisms ; Effluents ; Escherichia ; Genes ; Heavy metals ; Human influences ; Industrial pollution ; Industrial wastes ; Industrial wastewater ; Klebsiella ; Laboratories ; Methicillin ; Microorganisms ; Network analysis ; Nitrates ; Nutrients ; Pathogens ; Plasmids ; Pollutants ; Rivers ; Solid suspensions ; Sulfonamides ; Taxonomy ; Tetracycline ; Tetracyclines ; Total suspended solids ; Wastewater ; Wastewater pollution ; Wastewater treatment ; Water pollution</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2022-04, Vol.14 (7), p.1018</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-a55d325da3a4b3e5f89fb92facefef0928860bcfbaa02802103c0037dbd86e8a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-a55d325da3a4b3e5f89fb92facefef0928860bcfbaa02802103c0037dbd86e8a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1550-4127 ; 0000-0001-7859-4759 ; 0000-0001-8280-3226</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lye, Ying-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Lay-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Choon-Weng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suzuki, Satoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bong, Chui-Wei</creatorcontrib><title>Microbial Community Structure and Bacterial Lineages Associated with Sulfonamides Resistance in Anthropogenic Impacted Larut River</title><title>Water (Basel)</title><description>Anthropogenic activities often contribute to antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments. Larut River Malaysia is polluted with both organic and inorganic pollutants from domestic and industrial wastewater that are probably treated inadequately. The river is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, and heavy metals. In our previous study, sulfonamides (SAs) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul) were detected in the Larut River. Hence, in this study, we further examined the microbial community structure, diversity of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria (SARB), and their resistance genes. The study also aimed at identifying cultivable bacteria potential carriers of sul genes in the aquatic environment. Proteobacteria (22.4–66.0%), Firmicutes (0.8–41.6%), Bacteroidetes (2.0–29.4%), and Actinobacteria (5.5–27.9%) were the most dominant phyla in both the effluents and river waters. SARB isolated consisted only 4.7% of the total genera identified, with SAR Klebsiella as the most dominant (38.0–61.3%) followed by SAR Escherichia (0–22.2%) and Acinetobacter (3.2–16.0%). The majority of the SAR Klebsiella isolated from the effluents and middle downstream were positive for sul genes. Sul genes-negative SAR Escherichia and Acinetobacter were low (<20%). Canonical-correlation analysis (CCA) showed that SAs residues and inorganic nutrients exerted significant impacts on microbial community and total sul genes. Network analysis identified 11 SARB as potential sul genes bacterial carriers. These findings indicated that anthropogenic activities exerted impacts on the microbial community structure and SAs resistance in the Larut River.</description><subject>Acinetobacter</subject><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Aquatic environment</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biochemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Chemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Community structure</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug resistance in microorganisms</subject><subject>Effluents</subject><subject>Escherichia</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Industrial pollution</subject><subject>Industrial wastes</subject><subject>Industrial wastewater</subject><subject>Klebsiella</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Methicillin</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Network analysis</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Solid suspensions</subject><subject>Sulfonamides</subject><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subject>Tetracycline</subject><subject>Tetracyclines</subject><subject>Total suspended solids</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater pollution</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptUUtLxDAQLqLgoh78BwFPHlbTpo_kWBdfsCL4OJdpMlmztMmapC579ZfbRfEBzhxmmPm-b2C-JDlO6Rljgp6v05xWKU35TjLJaMWmeZ6nu7_6_eQohCUdIxecF3SSvN8Z6V1roCMz1_eDNXFDHqMfZBw8ErCKXICM6LeIubEICwykDsFJAxEVWZv4Qh6HTjsLvVHj8gGDCRGsRGIsqW188W7lFmiNJLf9aqumyBz8EMmDeUN_mOxp6AIefdWD5Pnq8ml2M53fX9_O6vlUZlzEKRSFYlmhgEHeMiw0F7oVmQaJGjUVGeclbaVuAWjGaZZSJilllWoVL5EDO0hOPnVX3r0OGGKzdIO348kmK3NBBa_K4ge1gA4bY7WLHmRvgmzqSqQs55yVI-rsH9SYCnsjnUVtxvkfwuknYfx2CB51s_KmB79pUtpszWu-zWMfvcmM5Q</recordid><startdate>20220401</startdate><enddate>20220401</enddate><creator>Lye, Ying-Ling</creator><creator>Chai, Lay-Ching</creator><creator>Lee, Choon-Weng</creator><creator>Suzuki, Satoru</creator><creator>Bong, Chui-Wei</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-4127</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-4759</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-3226</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220401</creationdate><title>Microbial Community Structure and Bacterial Lineages Associated with Sulfonamides Resistance in Anthropogenic Impacted Larut River</title><author>Lye, Ying-Ling ; Chai, Lay-Ching ; Lee, Choon-Weng ; Suzuki, Satoru ; Bong, Chui-Wei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-a55d325da3a4b3e5f89fb92facefef0928860bcfbaa02802103c0037dbd86e8a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acinetobacter</topic><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Antibiotic resistance</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Aquatic environment</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biochemical oxygen demand</topic><topic>Chemical oxygen demand</topic><topic>Community structure</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drug resistance in microorganisms</topic><topic>Effluents</topic><topic>Escherichia</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Industrial pollution</topic><topic>Industrial wastes</topic><topic>Industrial wastewater</topic><topic>Klebsiella</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Methicillin</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Network analysis</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Solid suspensions</topic><topic>Sulfonamides</topic><topic>Taxonomy</topic><topic>Tetracycline</topic><topic>Tetracyclines</topic><topic>Total suspended solids</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater pollution</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lye, Ying-Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Lay-Ching</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Choon-Weng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suzuki, Satoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bong, Chui-Wei</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lye, Ying-Ling</au><au>Chai, Lay-Ching</au><au>Lee, Choon-Weng</au><au>Suzuki, Satoru</au><au>Bong, Chui-Wei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microbial Community Structure and Bacterial Lineages Associated with Sulfonamides Resistance in Anthropogenic Impacted Larut River</atitle><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle><date>2022-04-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1018</spage><pages>1018-</pages><issn>2073-4441</issn><eissn>2073-4441</eissn><abstract>Anthropogenic activities often contribute to antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments. Larut River Malaysia is polluted with both organic and inorganic pollutants from domestic and industrial wastewater that are probably treated inadequately. The river is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, and heavy metals. In our previous study, sulfonamides (SAs) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul) were detected in the Larut River. Hence, in this study, we further examined the microbial community structure, diversity of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria (SARB), and their resistance genes. The study also aimed at identifying cultivable bacteria potential carriers of sul genes in the aquatic environment. Proteobacteria (22.4–66.0%), Firmicutes (0.8–41.6%), Bacteroidetes (2.0–29.4%), and Actinobacteria (5.5–27.9%) were the most dominant phyla in both the effluents and river waters. SARB isolated consisted only 4.7% of the total genera identified, with SAR Klebsiella as the most dominant (38.0–61.3%) followed by SAR Escherichia (0–22.2%) and Acinetobacter (3.2–16.0%). The majority of the SAR Klebsiella isolated from the effluents and middle downstream were positive for sul genes. Sul genes-negative SAR Escherichia and Acinetobacter were low (<20%). Canonical-correlation analysis (CCA) showed that SAs residues and inorganic nutrients exerted significant impacts on microbial community and total sul genes. Network analysis identified 11 SARB as potential sul genes bacterial carriers. These findings indicated that anthropogenic activities exerted impacts on the microbial community structure and SAs resistance in the Larut River.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/w14071018</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-4127</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-4759</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-3226</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acinetobacter Ammonia Analysis Anthropogenic factors Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Aquatic environment Bacteria Biochemical oxygen demand Chemical oxygen demand Community structure Correlation analysis Drug resistance Drug resistance in microorganisms Effluents Escherichia Genes Heavy metals Human influences Industrial pollution Industrial wastes Industrial wastewater Klebsiella Laboratories Methicillin Microorganisms Network analysis Nitrates Nutrients Pathogens Plasmids Pollutants Rivers Solid suspensions Sulfonamides Taxonomy Tetracycline Tetracyclines Total suspended solids Wastewater Wastewater pollution Wastewater treatment Water pollution |
| title | Microbial Community Structure and Bacterial Lineages Associated with Sulfonamides Resistance in Anthropogenic Impacted Larut River |
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