Automation in Latin America: Are Women at Higher Risk of Losing Their Jobs?

•Automation would affect the labor markets in Latin America.•Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and El Salvador have heterogeneous effects in terms on the risk of automation based on gender and skills needed at work.•Our main findings indicate that men are more likely than women to perform tasks linked to the ‘skills of the future’, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), information and communications technology, management and communication, and creative problem-solving tasks in Latin America.•Women have a higher average risk of automation, and 21% of women vs. 19% of men are at high risk (probability of automation greater than 70%). The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which comprises digitization, artificial intelligence, robotics, among others, have the power to drastically increase economic output but may also displace workers. In this paper we assess the risk of automation for female and male workers in four Latin American countries – Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and El Salvador. Our study is the first to apply a task-based approach with a gender perspective in this region. Our main findings indicate that men are more likely than women to perform tasks linked to the ‘skills of the future’, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), information and communications technology, management and communication, and creative problem-solving tasks. Women thus have a higher average risk of automation, and 21% of women vs. 19% of men are at high risk (probability of automation greater than 70%). The differential impacts of the new technological trends for women and men must be assessed in order to guide the policy-making process to prepare workers for the future. Finally, country- level specific actions should be taken to prevent digital transformation from worsening existing gender inequalities in the labor market.