Application of linear discriminant analysis to the biochemical and haematological differentiation of opiate addicts from healthy subjects: a case–control study
Objective : Biochemical and haematological parameters of nutritional interest were determined in the serum of opiate addicts in order to compare them with those obtained in healthy subjects. Linear discriminant analysis was applied for the differentiation of the opiate addicts. Subjects : Sera of 10...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of clinical nutrition 2004-03, Vol.58 (3), p.449-455 |
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| container_title | European journal of clinical nutrition |
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| creator | Hernandez Calzadilla, C Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M Diaz-Flores Estevez, F Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F Diaz Romero, C Serra-Majem, L |
| description | Objective
: Biochemical and haematological parameters of nutritional interest were determined in the serum of opiate addicts in order to compare them with those obtained in healthy subjects. Linear discriminant analysis was applied for the differentiation of the opiate addicts.
Subjects
: Sera of 106 opiate addicts in detoxification treatment (
n
=19) or in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP) (
n
=87) were studied.
Design
: The determination of classical biochemical and haematological parameters in blood samples was carried out using standardized methods. Determination of retinol and
α
-tocopherol was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector. Folic acid and vitamin B
12
were determined using competitive binding techniques. Minerals were determined by flame emission spectrometry (Na and K) and atomic absorption spectrometry with air–acetylene flame (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) or with hydride generation (Se). Phosphorous was determined using a colorimetric method with ammonium molibdate. All statistical analyses were performed by means of the SPSS version 10.0 software for Windows.
Results
: Stepwise linear discriminant analysis simplified the system to the following variables: Na, K, Mg, number of leucocytes, triglycerides, GPT, glucose, albumin, retinol and folic acid; and 90.1% (86.4% after crossvalidation) of correct classification was obtained. Representing the first and second discriminant functions, the control groups were well separated from opiate addicts.
Conclusions
: Applying linear discriminant analysis on several biochemical and haematological parameters, the opiate addicts could clearly be differentiated from the control individuals, and a tendency to differentiate the opiate addicts in MMTP and in detoxification treatment was observed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601827 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2642696001</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A195751971</galeid><sourcerecordid>A195751971</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-8d7cc182c33022662f1f4923968425d3484ee014d5b91ba4c5ab156d92c78a943</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1ks-OFCEQxjtG466rZ2-GaPTWs0DTdONtsvFfsokXPXdoKGboMDACfZib7-AT-Go-ibQzcTTZDQdI1a-K1FdfVT0neEVw01-naQWT8ivCMelp96C6JKzjdcsZflhdYtGyusG4u6iepDRhXJIdfVxdECb6lvf0svq53u-dVTLb4FEwyFkPMiJtk4p2Z730GUkv3SHZhHJAeQtotEFtYVeqXMlptJWwkzm4sPkT0tYYiOCz_ds17MsbkNTaqpyQiWGHtiBd3h5QmscJSvQtkkjJBL--_1DB5xgcSnnWh6fVIyNdgmen-6r6-v7dl5uP9e3nD59u1re1KpPkutedUkUD1TSYUs6pIYYJ2gjeM9rqhvUMoAig21GQUTLVypG0XAuqul4K1lxVr4599zF8myHlYQpzLKOngXJGueBFv0K9vJcignMiOlGg-ghtpIPBehNylGoDHqJ0wYOxJbwmou3awi9NV3fw5ehF5TsL3vxTcFQyBTcveqf_wesjqGJIKYIZ9mWtMh4GgofFQUOahsVBw8lBpeLFacB53IE-8yfLFOD1CZCprNtE6ZVNZ67lHcP9oic-cqmk_AbiWan7_v4NV8XhWQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>219661979</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Application of linear discriminant analysis to the biochemical and haematological differentiation of opiate addicts from healthy subjects: a case–control study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Nature</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Hernandez Calzadilla, C ; Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M ; Diaz-Flores Estevez, F ; Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F ; Diaz Romero, C ; Serra-Majem, L</creator><creatorcontrib>Hernandez Calzadilla, C ; Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M ; Diaz-Flores Estevez, F ; Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F ; Diaz Romero, C ; Serra-Majem, L</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
: Biochemical and haematological parameters of nutritional interest were determined in the serum of opiate addicts in order to compare them with those obtained in healthy subjects. Linear discriminant analysis was applied for the differentiation of the opiate addicts.
Subjects
: Sera of 106 opiate addicts in detoxification treatment (
n
=19) or in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP) (
n
=87) were studied.
Design
: The determination of classical biochemical and haematological parameters in blood samples was carried out using standardized methods. Determination of retinol and
α
-tocopherol was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector. Folic acid and vitamin B
12
were determined using competitive binding techniques. Minerals were determined by flame emission spectrometry (Na and K) and atomic absorption spectrometry with air–acetylene flame (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) or with hydride generation (Se). Phosphorous was determined using a colorimetric method with ammonium molibdate. All statistical analyses were performed by means of the SPSS version 10.0 software for Windows.
Results
: Stepwise linear discriminant analysis simplified the system to the following variables: Na, K, Mg, number of leucocytes, triglycerides, GPT, glucose, albumin, retinol and folic acid; and 90.1% (86.4% after crossvalidation) of correct classification was obtained. Representing the first and second discriminant functions, the control groups were well separated from opiate addicts.
Conclusions
: Applying linear discriminant analysis on several biochemical and haematological parameters, the opiate addicts could clearly be differentiated from the control individuals, and a tendency to differentiate the opiate addicts in MMTP and in detoxification treatment was observed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-3007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5640</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601827</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14985682</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Absorption ; Acetylene ; Addicts ; Adult ; Albumins ; alpha-Tocopherol - analysis ; alpha-Tocopherol - blood ; Ammonium ; Ascorbic Acid - analysis ; Ascorbic Acid - blood ; Atomic absorption spectroscopy ; Biochemistry ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Clinical Nutrition ; Colorimetry ; Detoxification ; Differentiation ; Discriminant Analysis ; Drug abuse ; Drug addictions ; Drug overdose ; Emissions ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Folic acid ; Health Status ; Hematologic Tests ; Hematology ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Leukocytes ; Liquid chromatography ; Magnesium ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Methadone ; Methadone - therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Minerals ; Minerals - analysis ; Minerals - blood ; Narcotics ; Nutrition ; Opioid-Related Disorders - blood ; original-communication ; Parameters ; Public Health ; Scientific imaging ; Spectral analysis ; Spectrometry ; Spectroscopy ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; Substance abuse treatment ; Tocopherol ; Toxicology ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin A - blood ; Vitamin B 12 - analysis ; Vitamin B 12 - blood ; Vitamin B12 ; Vitamins - analysis ; Vitamins - blood</subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004-03, Vol.58 (3), p.449-455</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2004</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2004 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Mar 2004</rights><rights>Nature Publishing Group 2004.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-8d7cc182c33022662f1f4923968425d3484ee014d5b91ba4c5ab156d92c78a943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-8d7cc182c33022662f1f4923968425d3484ee014d5b91ba4c5ab156d92c78a943</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601827$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601827$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15674084$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14985682$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hernandez Calzadilla, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz-Flores Estevez, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz Romero, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serra-Majem, L</creatorcontrib><title>Application of linear discriminant analysis to the biochemical and haematological differentiation of opiate addicts from healthy subjects: a case–control study</title><title>European journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Objective
: Biochemical and haematological parameters of nutritional interest were determined in the serum of opiate addicts in order to compare them with those obtained in healthy subjects. Linear discriminant analysis was applied for the differentiation of the opiate addicts.
Subjects
: Sera of 106 opiate addicts in detoxification treatment (
n
=19) or in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP) (
n
=87) were studied.
Design
: The determination of classical biochemical and haematological parameters in blood samples was carried out using standardized methods. Determination of retinol and
α
-tocopherol was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector. Folic acid and vitamin B
12
were determined using competitive binding techniques. Minerals were determined by flame emission spectrometry (Na and K) and atomic absorption spectrometry with air–acetylene flame (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) or with hydride generation (Se). Phosphorous was determined using a colorimetric method with ammonium molibdate. All statistical analyses were performed by means of the SPSS version 10.0 software for Windows.
Results
: Stepwise linear discriminant analysis simplified the system to the following variables: Na, K, Mg, number of leucocytes, triglycerides, GPT, glucose, albumin, retinol and folic acid; and 90.1% (86.4% after crossvalidation) of correct classification was obtained. Representing the first and second discriminant functions, the control groups were well separated from opiate addicts.
Conclusions
: Applying linear discriminant analysis on several biochemical and haematological parameters, the opiate addicts could clearly be differentiated from the control individuals, and a tendency to differentiate the opiate addicts in MMTP and in detoxification treatment was observed.</description><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>Acetylene</subject><subject>Addicts</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Albumins</subject><subject>alpha-Tocopherol - analysis</subject><subject>alpha-Tocopherol - blood</subject><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Ascorbic Acid - analysis</subject><subject>Ascorbic Acid - blood</subject><subject>Atomic absorption spectroscopy</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Clinical Nutrition</subject><subject>Colorimetry</subject><subject>Detoxification</subject><subject>Differentiation</subject><subject>Discriminant Analysis</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drug addictions</subject><subject>Drug overdose</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Folic acid</subject><subject>Health Status</subject><subject>Hematologic Tests</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Leukocytes</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Methadone</subject><subject>Methadone - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Minerals - analysis</subject><subject>Minerals - blood</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Opioid-Related Disorders - blood</subject><subject>original-communication</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Spectral analysis</subject><subject>Spectrometry</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Substance abuse treatment</subject><subject>Tocopherol</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Vitamin A</subject><subject>Vitamin A - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin B 12 - analysis</subject><subject>Vitamin B 12 - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin B12</subject><subject>Vitamins - analysis</subject><subject>Vitamins - blood</subject><issn>0954-3007</issn><issn>1476-5640</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1ks-OFCEQxjtG466rZ2-GaPTWs0DTdONtsvFfsokXPXdoKGboMDACfZib7-AT-Go-ibQzcTTZDQdI1a-K1FdfVT0neEVw01-naQWT8ivCMelp96C6JKzjdcsZflhdYtGyusG4u6iepDRhXJIdfVxdECb6lvf0svq53u-dVTLb4FEwyFkPMiJtk4p2Z730GUkv3SHZhHJAeQtotEFtYVeqXMlptJWwkzm4sPkT0tYYiOCz_ds17MsbkNTaqpyQiWGHtiBd3h5QmscJSvQtkkjJBL--_1DB5xgcSnnWh6fVIyNdgmen-6r6-v7dl5uP9e3nD59u1re1KpPkutedUkUD1TSYUs6pIYYJ2gjeM9rqhvUMoAig21GQUTLVypG0XAuqul4K1lxVr4599zF8myHlYQpzLKOngXJGueBFv0K9vJcignMiOlGg-ghtpIPBehNylGoDHqJ0wYOxJbwmou3awi9NV3fw5ehF5TsL3vxTcFQyBTcveqf_wesjqGJIKYIZ9mWtMh4GgofFQUOahsVBw8lBpeLFacB53IE-8yfLFOD1CZCprNtE6ZVNZ67lHcP9oic-cqmk_AbiWan7_v4NV8XhWQ</recordid><startdate>20040301</startdate><enddate>20040301</enddate><creator>Hernandez Calzadilla, C</creator><creator>Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M</creator><creator>Diaz-Flores Estevez, F</creator><creator>Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F</creator><creator>Diaz Romero, C</creator><creator>Serra-Majem, L</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing</general><general>Nature Publishing 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of linear discriminant analysis to the biochemical and haematological differentiation of opiate addicts from healthy subjects: a case–control study</title><author>Hernandez Calzadilla, C ; Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M ; Diaz-Flores Estevez, F ; Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F ; Diaz Romero, C ; Serra-Majem, L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-8d7cc182c33022662f1f4923968425d3484ee014d5b91ba4c5ab156d92c78a943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Absorption</topic><topic>Acetylene</topic><topic>Addicts</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Albumins</topic><topic>alpha-Tocopherol - analysis</topic><topic>alpha-Tocopherol - blood</topic><topic>Ammonium</topic><topic>Ascorbic Acid - analysis</topic><topic>Ascorbic Acid - blood</topic><topic>Atomic absorption spectroscopy</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Clinical Nutrition</topic><topic>Colorimetry</topic><topic>Detoxification</topic><topic>Differentiation</topic><topic>Discriminant Analysis</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drug addictions</topic><topic>Drug overdose</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Folic acid</topic><topic>Health Status</topic><topic>Hematologic Tests</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>High performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Leukocytes</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Methadone</topic><topic>Methadone - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Minerals - analysis</topic><topic>Minerals - blood</topic><topic>Narcotics</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Opioid-Related Disorders - blood</topic><topic>original-communication</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Spectral analysis</topic><topic>Spectrometry</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Substance abuse treatment</topic><topic>Tocopherol</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><topic>Vitamin A</topic><topic>Vitamin A - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin B 12 - analysis</topic><topic>Vitamin B 12 - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin B12</topic><topic>Vitamins - analysis</topic><topic>Vitamins - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hernandez Calzadilla, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz-Flores Estevez, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz Romero, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Serra-Majem, L</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech 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Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hernandez Calzadilla, C</au><au>Rodriguez Rodriguez, E M</au><au>Diaz-Flores Estevez, F</au><au>Diaz-Flores Estevez, J F</au><au>Diaz Romero, C</au><au>Serra-Majem, L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Application of linear discriminant analysis to the biochemical and haematological differentiation of opiate addicts from healthy subjects: a case–control study</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2004-03-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>449</spage><epage>455</epage><pages>449-455</pages><issn>0954-3007</issn><eissn>1476-5640</eissn><abstract>Objective
: Biochemical and haematological parameters of nutritional interest were determined in the serum of opiate addicts in order to compare them with those obtained in healthy subjects. Linear discriminant analysis was applied for the differentiation of the opiate addicts.
Subjects
: Sera of 106 opiate addicts in detoxification treatment (
n
=19) or in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (MMTP) (
n
=87) were studied.
Design
: The determination of classical biochemical and haematological parameters in blood samples was carried out using standardized methods. Determination of retinol and
α
-tocopherol was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector. Folic acid and vitamin B
12
were determined using competitive binding techniques. Minerals were determined by flame emission spectrometry (Na and K) and atomic absorption spectrometry with air–acetylene flame (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) or with hydride generation (Se). Phosphorous was determined using a colorimetric method with ammonium molibdate. All statistical analyses were performed by means of the SPSS version 10.0 software for Windows.
Results
: Stepwise linear discriminant analysis simplified the system to the following variables: Na, K, Mg, number of leucocytes, triglycerides, GPT, glucose, albumin, retinol and folic acid; and 90.1% (86.4% after crossvalidation) of correct classification was obtained. Representing the first and second discriminant functions, the control groups were well separated from opiate addicts.
Conclusions
: Applying linear discriminant analysis on several biochemical and haematological parameters, the opiate addicts could clearly be differentiated from the control individuals, and a tendency to differentiate the opiate addicts in MMTP and in detoxification treatment was observed.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>14985682</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601827</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0954-3007 |
| ispartof | European journal of clinical nutrition, 2004-03, Vol.58 (3), p.449-455 |
| issn | 0954-3007 1476-5640 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2642696001 |
| source | MEDLINE; Nature; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Absorption Acetylene Addicts Adult Albumins alpha-Tocopherol - analysis alpha-Tocopherol - blood Ammonium Ascorbic Acid - analysis Ascorbic Acid - blood Atomic absorption spectroscopy Biochemistry Biological and medical sciences Blood Case-Control Studies Clinical Nutrition Colorimetry Detoxification Differentiation Discriminant Analysis Drug abuse Drug addictions Drug overdose Emissions Epidemiology Female Folic acid Health Status Hematologic Tests Hematology High performance liquid chromatography Humans Internal Medicine Leukocytes Liquid chromatography Magnesium Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Methadone Methadone - therapeutic use Middle Aged Minerals Minerals - analysis Minerals - blood Narcotics Nutrition Opioid-Related Disorders - blood original-communication Parameters Public Health Scientific imaging Spectral analysis Spectrometry Spectroscopy Statistical analysis Statistical methods Substance abuse treatment Tocopherol Toxicology Triglycerides Vitamin A Vitamin A - blood Vitamin B 12 - analysis Vitamin B 12 - blood Vitamin B12 Vitamins - analysis Vitamins - blood |
| title | Application of linear discriminant analysis to the biochemical and haematological differentiation of opiate addicts from healthy subjects: a case–control study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-24T02%3A47%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Application%20of%20linear%20discriminant%20analysis%20to%20the%20biochemical%20and%20haematological%20differentiation%20of%20opiate%20addicts%20from%20healthy%20subjects:%20a%20case%E2%80%93control%20study&rft.jtitle=European%20journal%20of%20clinical%20nutrition&rft.au=Hernandez%20Calzadilla,%20C&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=449&rft.epage=455&rft.pages=449-455&rft.issn=0954-3007&rft.eissn=1476-5640&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601827&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA195751971%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=219661979&rft_id=info:pmid/14985682&rft_galeid=A195751971&rfr_iscdi=true |