Young children's hand contact activities: An observational study via videotaping in primarily outdoor residential settings
Microlevel activity time series (MLATS) data were gathered on hand contact activities of 38 children (1–6 years old) by videotaping in primarily outdoor residential environments. The videotape recordings were then translated into text files using a specialized software called VirtualTimingDevice™. C...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology 2006-09, Vol.16 (5), p.434-446 |
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| creator | AuYeung, Willa Canales, Robert A Beamer, Paloma Ferguson, Alesia C Leckie, James O |
| description | Microlevel activity time series (MLATS) data were gathered on hand contact activities of 38 children (1–6 years old) by videotaping in primarily outdoor residential environments. The videotape recordings were then translated into text files using a specialized software called VirtualTimingDevice™. Contact frequency (contacts/h), duration per contact (s/contact), and hourly contact duration (min/h) were summarized for outdoor hand contacts with 15 distinct object/surface categories (“Animal”, “Body”, “Clothes/Towels”, “Fabric”, “Floor”, “Food”, “Footwear”, “Metal”, “Non-dietary Water”, “Paper/Wrapper”, “Plastic”, “Rock/Brick”, “Toys”, “Vegetation/Grass”, and “Wood”) and two aggregate object/surface categories (“Non-dietary objects/surfaces” and “Total objects/surfaces”). For outdoor both hand contacts with “Total objects/surfaces”, contact frequencies ranged from 229.9 to 1517.7 contacts/h, median durations/contact ranged from |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.jes.7500480 |
| format | Article |
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The data were analyzed for significant differences in hand contact activities as a function of (1) age, (2) location, (3) gender, and (4) hand. Significant differences (
P
⩽0.05) were found for all four factors analyzed. Hourly contact durations with “Non-dietary objects/surfaces” and “Total objects/surfaces” increased with age (
P
=0.01,
r
s
=0.42 and
P
=0.005,
r
s
=0.46, respectively), while contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Wood” decreased with age (
P
=0.02,
r
s
=−0.38 and
P
=0.05,
r
s
=−0.32, respectively). Location was found to affect contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with certain objects/surfaces. For example, contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Fabric” were higher indoors (
P
=0.02 for both), while contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Vegetation/Grass” were higher outdoors (
P
=0.02 and
P
=0.04, respectively). Girls had longer hourly contact durations with “Footwear” (
P
=0.02), “Non-dietary objects/surfaces” (
P
=0.03), and “Total objects/surfaces” (
P
=0.01) than boys. The right hand had longer hourly contact durations with objects that are often manipulated with the hand (e.g., “Toys” (
P
=0.0002)), while the left hand had longer hourly contact durations with passively touched objects/surfaces (e.g., “Clothes/Towels” (
P
=0.003) and “Floor” (
P
=0.04)).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1559-0631</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-064X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500480</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16552427</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>Age ; Behavior ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Footwear ; Grasses ; Hand ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Observational studies ; Play and Playthings ; research-article ; Rocks ; Skin - metabolism ; Time series ; Towels ; Toys ; Vegetation ; Videotape Recording ; Videotape recordings</subject><ispartof>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2006-09, Vol.16 (5), p.434-446</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature America, Inc. 2006</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2006 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 2006</rights><rights>Nature Publishing Group 2006.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-4fbdd66be331985ea7e4a449681458296a08483e3dd494fcb83fb440cb88f00f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-4fbdd66be331985ea7e4a449681458296a08483e3dd494fcb83fb440cb88f00f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/sj.jes.7500480$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/sj.jes.7500480$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923,41486,42555,51317</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16552427$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>AuYeung, Willa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canales, Robert A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beamer, Paloma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferguson, Alesia C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leckie, James O</creatorcontrib><title>Young children's hand contact activities: An observational study via videotaping in primarily outdoor residential settings</title><title>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</title><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Microlevel activity time series (MLATS) data were gathered on hand contact activities of 38 children (1–6 years old) by videotaping in primarily outdoor residential environments. The videotape recordings were then translated into text files using a specialized software called VirtualTimingDevice™. Contact frequency (contacts/h), duration per contact (s/contact), and hourly contact duration (min/h) were summarized for outdoor hand contacts with 15 distinct object/surface categories (“Animal”, “Body”, “Clothes/Towels”, “Fabric”, “Floor”, “Food”, “Footwear”, “Metal”, “Non-dietary Water”, “Paper/Wrapper”, “Plastic”, “Rock/Brick”, “Toys”, “Vegetation/Grass”, and “Wood”) and two aggregate object/surface categories (“Non-dietary objects/surfaces” and “Total objects/surfaces”). For outdoor both hand contacts with “Total objects/surfaces”, contact frequencies ranged from 229.9 to 1517.7 contacts/h, median durations/contact ranged from <1 to 5 s, and hourly contact durations ranged from 42.6 to 102.2 m/h.
The data were analyzed for significant differences in hand contact activities as a function of (1) age, (2) location, (3) gender, and (4) hand. Significant differences (
P
⩽0.05) were found for all four factors analyzed. Hourly contact durations with “Non-dietary objects/surfaces” and “Total objects/surfaces” increased with age (
P
=0.01,
r
s
=0.42 and
P
=0.005,
r
s
=0.46, respectively), while contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Wood” decreased with age (
P
=0.02,
r
s
=−0.38 and
P
=0.05,
r
s
=−0.32, respectively). Location was found to affect contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with certain objects/surfaces. For example, contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Fabric” were higher indoors (
P
=0.02 for both), while contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Vegetation/Grass” were higher outdoors (
P
=0.02 and
P
=0.04, respectively). Girls had longer hourly contact durations with “Footwear” (
P
=0.02), “Non-dietary objects/surfaces” (
P
=0.03), and “Total objects/surfaces” (
P
=0.01) than boys. The right hand had longer hourly contact durations with objects that are often manipulated with the hand (e.g., “Toys” (
P
=0.0002)), while the left hand had longer hourly contact durations with passively touched objects/surfaces (e.g., “Clothes/Towels” (
P
=0.003) and “Floor” (
P
=0.04)).</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Data Interpretation, Statistical</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Footwear</subject><subject>Grasses</subject><subject>Hand</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Observational studies</subject><subject>Play and Playthings</subject><subject>research-article</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Skin - metabolism</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Towels</subject><subject>Toys</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Videotape Recording</subject><subject>Videotape recordings</subject><issn>1559-0631</issn><issn>1559-064X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kt2LEzEUxQdR3A999U0JCvrUbjLJZDL7Vpb1AxZ8UdCnkJncaTNMk5qbKdS_3pTWrcIu4ZJL8jsH7uUUxStG54xydYXDfACc1xWlQtEnxTmrqmZGpfjx9L7n7Ky4QBwyImpJnxdnTFZVKcr6vPj9M0x-SbqVG20E_wHJynhLuuCT6RLJ5bYuOcBrsvAktAhxa5IL3owE02R3ZOtMLgshmY3LVs6TTXRrE924I2FKNoRIImBGfHJ7GaSUQXxRPOvNiPDyeF8W3z_efrv5PLv7-unLzeJu1lVUpZnoW2ulbIFz1qgKTA3CCNFIxUSlykYaqoTiwK0Vjei7VvG-FYLmRvWU9vyyeHfw3cTwawJMeghTzAOgLqWgsmZVwzP19lGKNZVUJS9PVkszgna-Dymabu2w0wumVN1wJZtMzR-g8rGwdnmz0Lv8_p_g_T-CFZgxrTCM037P-KBzFwNihF4fVr3TjOp9HjQOOudBH_OQBW-OU03tGuwJPwYgA1cHAPOXX0I8jf2o5euDwps0Rbi3_Pv_B4-Hyqo</recordid><startdate>20060901</startdate><enddate>20060901</enddate><creator>AuYeung, Willa</creator><creator>Canales, Robert A</creator><creator>Beamer, Paloma</creator><creator>Ferguson, Alesia C</creator><creator>Leckie, James O</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group US</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060901</creationdate><title>Young children's hand contact activities: An observational study via videotaping in primarily outdoor residential settings</title><author>AuYeung, Willa ; Canales, Robert A ; Beamer, Paloma ; Ferguson, Alesia C ; Leckie, James O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c508t-4fbdd66be331985ea7e4a449681458296a08483e3dd494fcb83fb440cb88f00f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Data Interpretation, Statistical</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Footwear</topic><topic>Grasses</topic><topic>Hand</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Observational studies</topic><topic>Play and Playthings</topic><topic>research-article</topic><topic>Rocks</topic><topic>Skin - metabolism</topic><topic>Time series</topic><topic>Towels</topic><topic>Toys</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Videotape Recording</topic><topic>Videotape recordings</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>AuYeung, Willa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canales, Robert A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beamer, Paloma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferguson, Alesia C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leckie, James O</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>AuYeung, Willa</au><au>Canales, Robert A</au><au>Beamer, Paloma</au><au>Ferguson, Alesia C</au><au>Leckie, James O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Young children's hand contact activities: An observational study via videotaping in primarily outdoor residential settings</atitle><jtitle>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2006-09-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>434</spage><epage>446</epage><pages>434-446</pages><issn>1559-0631</issn><eissn>1559-064X</eissn><abstract>Microlevel activity time series (MLATS) data were gathered on hand contact activities of 38 children (1–6 years old) by videotaping in primarily outdoor residential environments. The videotape recordings were then translated into text files using a specialized software called VirtualTimingDevice™. Contact frequency (contacts/h), duration per contact (s/contact), and hourly contact duration (min/h) were summarized for outdoor hand contacts with 15 distinct object/surface categories (“Animal”, “Body”, “Clothes/Towels”, “Fabric”, “Floor”, “Food”, “Footwear”, “Metal”, “Non-dietary Water”, “Paper/Wrapper”, “Plastic”, “Rock/Brick”, “Toys”, “Vegetation/Grass”, and “Wood”) and two aggregate object/surface categories (“Non-dietary objects/surfaces” and “Total objects/surfaces”). For outdoor both hand contacts with “Total objects/surfaces”, contact frequencies ranged from 229.9 to 1517.7 contacts/h, median durations/contact ranged from <1 to 5 s, and hourly contact durations ranged from 42.6 to 102.2 m/h.
The data were analyzed for significant differences in hand contact activities as a function of (1) age, (2) location, (3) gender, and (4) hand. Significant differences (
P
⩽0.05) were found for all four factors analyzed. Hourly contact durations with “Non-dietary objects/surfaces” and “Total objects/surfaces” increased with age (
P
=0.01,
r
s
=0.42 and
P
=0.005,
r
s
=0.46, respectively), while contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Wood” decreased with age (
P
=0.02,
r
s
=−0.38 and
P
=0.05,
r
s
=−0.32, respectively). Location was found to affect contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with certain objects/surfaces. For example, contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Fabric” were higher indoors (
P
=0.02 for both), while contact frequencies and hourly contact durations with “Vegetation/Grass” were higher outdoors (
P
=0.02 and
P
=0.04, respectively). Girls had longer hourly contact durations with “Footwear” (
P
=0.02), “Non-dietary objects/surfaces” (
P
=0.03), and “Total objects/surfaces” (
P
=0.01) than boys. The right hand had longer hourly contact durations with objects that are often manipulated with the hand (e.g., “Toys” (
P
=0.0002)), while the left hand had longer hourly contact durations with passively touched objects/surfaces (e.g., “Clothes/Towels” (
P
=0.003) and “Floor” (
P
=0.04)).</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>16552427</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.jes.7500480</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2006-09, Vol.16 (5), p.434-446 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Age Behavior Child Child, Preschool Children Data Interpretation, Statistical Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollutants Epidemiology Female Footwear Grasses Hand Humans Infant Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Observational studies Play and Playthings research-article Rocks Skin - metabolism Time series Towels Toys Vegetation Videotape Recording Videotape recordings |
| title | Young children's hand contact activities: An observational study via videotaping in primarily outdoor residential settings |
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