Traffic density in California: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children

Motor vehicles are the main source of many hazardous air pollutants in California. Previous studies have shown that low-income and minority populations are more likely to live near industrial sources of pollution and in areas that do not meet national air quality standards. We estimated neighborhood...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology 2003-05, Vol.13 (3), p.240-246
Hauptverfasser: Gunier, Robert B, Hertz, Andrew, von Behren, Julie, Reynolds, Peggy
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creator Gunier, Robert B
Hertz, Andrew
von Behren, Julie
Reynolds, Peggy
description Motor vehicles are the main source of many hazardous air pollutants in California. Previous studies have shown that low-income and minority populations are more likely to live near industrial sources of pollution and in areas that do not meet national air quality standards. We estimated neighborhood exposures to motor vehicle emissions from a road network with daily traffic counts using a geographic information system. To calculate traffic density, we summed the average daily vehicle miles of travel per square mile of land area for each census block group in the state. We used 1990 census data to characterize the population by age, race and socioeconomic status in block groups with high traffic density. Block groups with more than 500,000 vehicle miles of travel per square mile were defined to be high traffic density. Statewide, about 5% of all block groups met this criterion and more than 215,000 children under 15 years of age lived in these high traffic density areas. Block groups in the lowest quartile of median family income were three times more likely to have high traffic density than block groups in the highest income quartile. The percentage of children living in high traffic density block groups increased with decreasing median family income for all race and ethnicities except White. Overall, children of color were about three times more likely to live in high-traffic areas than were white children. Based on this analysis, low-income and children of color have higher potential exposure to vehicle emissions. Future exposure assessment studies should target the highest traffic density areas, and health studies should consider the differences by income and race or ethnicity during design.
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Previous studies have shown that low-income and minority populations are more likely to live near industrial sources of pollution and in areas that do not meet national air quality standards. We estimated neighborhood exposures to motor vehicle emissions from a road network with daily traffic counts using a geographic information system. To calculate traffic density, we summed the average daily vehicle miles of travel per square mile of land area for each census block group in the state. We used 1990 census data to characterize the population by age, race and socioeconomic status in block groups with high traffic density. Block groups with more than 500,000 vehicle miles of travel per square mile were defined to be high traffic density. Statewide, about 5% of all block groups met this criterion and more than 215,000 children under 15 years of age lived in these high traffic density areas. Block groups in the lowest quartile of median family income were three times more likely to have high traffic density than block groups in the highest income quartile. The percentage of children living in high traffic density block groups increased with decreasing median family income for all race and ethnicities except White. Overall, children of color were about three times more likely to live in high-traffic areas than were white children. Based on this analysis, low-income and children of color have higher potential exposure to vehicle emissions. 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subjects Adolescent
Air pollution
Air quality
Air quality standards
California
Census
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Color
Emissions
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data
Epidemiology
Ethnic Groups - statistics & numerical data
Exposure
Family income
Geographic information systems
Humans
Income
Industrial pollution
Land area
Low income groups
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Minority & ethnic groups
Motor vehicles
Motor Vehicles - statistics & numerical data
original-research
Pollutants
Pollution sources
Race
Remote sensing
Roads
Socioeconomic Factors
Socioeconomics
Traffic
Traffic information
Traffic volume
Travel
Vehicle emissions
Vehicle Emissions - analysis
title Traffic density in California: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children
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