Cleaner production of catalytic thumba methyl ester (Biodiesel) from thumba seed oil (Citrullus Colocyntis) using TiO2 nanoparticles under intensified hydrodynamic cavitation

[Display omitted] •TiO2 exhibited good crystalline size of 8 nm with purely anatase phase at optimsed process condition.•The energy consumption for HC and conventional mechanical stirring method were 16 and 500 kWh/m3.•HC approach was observed to be rapid and efficient w.r.t. a higher cavitational y...

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