Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery and Distillery Spent Grains through Aeration across a Silicone Membrane
An increase in the number of independent breweries and distilleries has led to an increase in the amount of spent grains with inadequate means of disposal. One option for disposal is as feedstock for anaerobic digestion if digester stability is ensured. In this study, brewers’ spent grain and distil...
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description | An increase in the number of independent breweries and distilleries has led to an increase in the amount of spent grains with inadequate means of disposal. One option for disposal is as feedstock for anaerobic digestion if digester stability is ensured. In this study, brewers’ spent grain and distillers’ spent grain were used as substrate for anaerobic digestion for 32 weeks. The digestate was treated by recirculation through a silicone hose located in an external tank filled with saline solution. The hose served as a permeable membrane allowing for the passage of gases. The recirculation tanks were fitted with check valves to maintain three pressure/gas regimes: 26 mm Hg N2, 26 mm Hg aeration or 100 mm Hg aeration. A fourth digester was operated with no recirculation as the control. These treatments were chosen to determine if differences in digester stability, wastewater treatment efficiency, and biogas production could be detected. A combination of dairy and swine manure was used as seeding to provide a methanogenic consortium and bicarbonate buffering. However, despite trying to provide for adequate initial bicarbonate buffering, all four digesters had low initial buffering and consequently low pH as short-chain fatty acids accumulated. After six weeks, bicarbonate buffering and pH increased as methane production increased, and short-chain fatty acids decreased. Later, despite the fluxes of O2 and N2 across the silicone membrane being very low, differences between the various treatments were noted. The pH of the digestate treated by N2 recirculation was lower than the other digesters and decreased further after distillers’ spent grain was substituted for brewers’ spent grain. Aeration at a pressure of 26 mm Hg and 100 mg Hg increased biogas production compared to other treatments but only significantly so at 100 mm Hg. These results suggest that partial purging of dissolved gases in anaerobic digestate by the small fluxes of N2 or O2 across a permeable membrane may affect digester performance. |
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One option for disposal is as feedstock for anaerobic digestion if digester stability is ensured. In this study, brewers’ spent grain and distillers’ spent grain were used as substrate for anaerobic digestion for 32 weeks. The digestate was treated by recirculation through a silicone hose located in an external tank filled with saline solution. The hose served as a permeable membrane allowing for the passage of gases. The recirculation tanks were fitted with check valves to maintain three pressure/gas regimes: 26 mm Hg N2, 26 mm Hg aeration or 100 mm Hg aeration. A fourth digester was operated with no recirculation as the control. These treatments were chosen to determine if differences in digester stability, wastewater treatment efficiency, and biogas production could be detected. A combination of dairy and swine manure was used as seeding to provide a methanogenic consortium and bicarbonate buffering. However, despite trying to provide for adequate initial bicarbonate buffering, all four digesters had low initial buffering and consequently low pH as short-chain fatty acids accumulated. After six weeks, bicarbonate buffering and pH increased as methane production increased, and short-chain fatty acids decreased. Later, despite the fluxes of O2 and N2 across the silicone membrane being very low, differences between the various treatments were noted. The pH of the digestate treated by N2 recirculation was lower than the other digesters and decreased further after distillers’ spent grain was substituted for brewers’ spent grain. Aeration at a pressure of 26 mm Hg and 100 mg Hg increased biogas production compared to other treatments but only significantly so at 100 mm Hg. These results suggest that partial purging of dissolved gases in anaerobic digestate by the small fluxes of N2 or O2 across a permeable membrane may affect digester performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su14052755</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acidification ; Anaerobic digestion ; Bicarbonates ; Biogas ; Breweries ; Carbon ; Check valves ; Digesters ; Dissolved gases ; Distilleries ; External tanks ; Fermentation ; Fluxes ; Gases ; Manures ; Membranes ; Permeability ; Pig manure ; Purging ; Raw materials ; Refuse as fuel ; Saline solutions ; Silicone resins ; Silicones ; Sustainability ; Trace elements ; Wastewater treatment</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2022-03, Vol.14 (5), p.2755</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-8ddfbfbbf712319c8b5730b64d37e1c8e2486e958688c5ca64a4b06bbd79bdbd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-8ddfbfbbf712319c8b5730b64d37e1c8e2486e958688c5ca64a4b06bbd79bdbd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5079-3331</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Berry, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loughrin, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burris, Stuart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conte, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lovanh, Nanh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sistani, Karamat</creatorcontrib><title>Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery and Distillery Spent Grains through Aeration across a Silicone Membrane</title><title>Sustainability</title><description>An increase in the number of independent breweries and distilleries has led to an increase in the amount of spent grains with inadequate means of disposal. One option for disposal is as feedstock for anaerobic digestion if digester stability is ensured. In this study, brewers’ spent grain and distillers’ spent grain were used as substrate for anaerobic digestion for 32 weeks. The digestate was treated by recirculation through a silicone hose located in an external tank filled with saline solution. The hose served as a permeable membrane allowing for the passage of gases. The recirculation tanks were fitted with check valves to maintain three pressure/gas regimes: 26 mm Hg N2, 26 mm Hg aeration or 100 mm Hg aeration. A fourth digester was operated with no recirculation as the control. These treatments were chosen to determine if differences in digester stability, wastewater treatment efficiency, and biogas production could be detected. A combination of dairy and swine manure was used as seeding to provide a methanogenic consortium and bicarbonate buffering. However, despite trying to provide for adequate initial bicarbonate buffering, all four digesters had low initial buffering and consequently low pH as short-chain fatty acids accumulated. After six weeks, bicarbonate buffering and pH increased as methane production increased, and short-chain fatty acids decreased. Later, despite the fluxes of O2 and N2 across the silicone membrane being very low, differences between the various treatments were noted. The pH of the digestate treated by N2 recirculation was lower than the other digesters and decreased further after distillers’ spent grain was substituted for brewers’ spent grain. Aeration at a pressure of 26 mm Hg and 100 mg Hg increased biogas production compared to other treatments but only significantly so at 100 mm Hg. These results suggest that partial purging of dissolved gases in anaerobic digestate by the small fluxes of N2 or O2 across a permeable membrane may affect digester performance.</description><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Anaerobic digestion</subject><subject>Bicarbonates</subject><subject>Biogas</subject><subject>Breweries</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Check valves</subject><subject>Digesters</subject><subject>Dissolved gases</subject><subject>Distilleries</subject><subject>External tanks</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>Gases</subject><subject>Manures</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Pig manure</subject><subject>Purging</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Refuse as fuel</subject><subject>Saline solutions</subject><subject>Silicone resins</subject><subject>Silicones</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><issn>2071-1050</issn><issn>2071-1050</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUMtOwzAQtBBIVKUXvsASN6SAHcexcywFSqUiDoVz5FdaV6kd7ATUv8dtkWAv-96dGQCuMbojpEL3ccAFojmj9AyMcsRwhhFF5__iSzCJcYuSEYIrXI5At9h1wX9Zt4ZTJ0zw0ir4aNcm9tY76Bv4EMy3CXsonE6NVG7bQ7rqjOvhPAjrIuw3wQ_rDZyaII57QgUfIxRwZVurvDPw1exkEM5cgYtGtNFMfv0YfDw_vc9esuXbfDGbLjOVV7TPuNaNbKRsGM4TVMUlZQTJstCEGay4yQtemoryknNFlSgLUUhUSqlZJbXUZAxuTncTvc8h0am3fgguvazzkjBOKEIsTd2epo54g2nqLtidCPsao_ogav0nKvkBqOBq-g</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Berry, Zachary</creator><creator>Loughrin, John</creator><creator>Burris, Stuart</creator><creator>Conte, Eric</creator><creator>Lovanh, Nanh</creator><creator>Sistani, Karamat</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5079-3331</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery and Distillery Spent Grains through Aeration across a Silicone Membrane</title><author>Berry, Zachary ; Loughrin, John ; Burris, Stuart ; Conte, Eric ; Lovanh, Nanh ; Sistani, Karamat</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-8ddfbfbbf712319c8b5730b64d37e1c8e2486e958688c5ca64a4b06bbd79bdbd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Acidification</topic><topic>Anaerobic digestion</topic><topic>Bicarbonates</topic><topic>Biogas</topic><topic>Breweries</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Check valves</topic><topic>Digesters</topic><topic>Dissolved gases</topic><topic>Distilleries</topic><topic>External tanks</topic><topic>Fermentation</topic><topic>Fluxes</topic><topic>Gases</topic><topic>Manures</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Pig manure</topic><topic>Purging</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Refuse as fuel</topic><topic>Saline solutions</topic><topic>Silicone resins</topic><topic>Silicones</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Berry, Zachary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loughrin, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burris, Stuart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Conte, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lovanh, Nanh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sistani, Karamat</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Berry, Zachary</au><au>Loughrin, John</au><au>Burris, Stuart</au><au>Conte, Eric</au><au>Lovanh, Nanh</au><au>Sistani, Karamat</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery and Distillery Spent Grains through Aeration across a Silicone Membrane</atitle><jtitle>Sustainability</jtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>2755</spage><pages>2755-</pages><issn>2071-1050</issn><eissn>2071-1050</eissn><abstract>An increase in the number of independent breweries and distilleries has led to an increase in the amount of spent grains with inadequate means of disposal. One option for disposal is as feedstock for anaerobic digestion if digester stability is ensured. In this study, brewers’ spent grain and distillers’ spent grain were used as substrate for anaerobic digestion for 32 weeks. The digestate was treated by recirculation through a silicone hose located in an external tank filled with saline solution. The hose served as a permeable membrane allowing for the passage of gases. The recirculation tanks were fitted with check valves to maintain three pressure/gas regimes: 26 mm Hg N2, 26 mm Hg aeration or 100 mm Hg aeration. A fourth digester was operated with no recirculation as the control. These treatments were chosen to determine if differences in digester stability, wastewater treatment efficiency, and biogas production could be detected. A combination of dairy and swine manure was used as seeding to provide a methanogenic consortium and bicarbonate buffering. However, despite trying to provide for adequate initial bicarbonate buffering, all four digesters had low initial buffering and consequently low pH as short-chain fatty acids accumulated. After six weeks, bicarbonate buffering and pH increased as methane production increased, and short-chain fatty acids decreased. Later, despite the fluxes of O2 and N2 across the silicone membrane being very low, differences between the various treatments were noted. The pH of the digestate treated by N2 recirculation was lower than the other digesters and decreased further after distillers’ spent grain was substituted for brewers’ spent grain. Aeration at a pressure of 26 mm Hg and 100 mg Hg increased biogas production compared to other treatments but only significantly so at 100 mm Hg. These results suggest that partial purging of dissolved gases in anaerobic digestate by the small fluxes of N2 or O2 across a permeable membrane may affect digester performance.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/su14052755</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5079-3331</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acidification Anaerobic digestion Bicarbonates Biogas Breweries Carbon Check valves Digesters Dissolved gases Distilleries External tanks Fermentation Fluxes Gases Manures Membranes Permeability Pig manure Purging Raw materials Refuse as fuel Saline solutions Silicone resins Silicones Sustainability Trace elements Wastewater treatment |
title | Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery and Distillery Spent Grains through Aeration across a Silicone Membrane |
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